浅谈北天山越岭隧道水文地质工作中的体会

研究目的:本文根据作者在北天山越岭隧道的工作经历,对北天山越岭隧道调绘和勘察全过程进行了总结,并阐述了自己的亲身体会,对工作中出现的一些问题提出了自己的一些看法。研究方法:在越岭隧道的勘察过程中,广泛采用了先进有效的技术手段,以遥感技术指导地面的调绘工作,通过综合物探,配合适量的钻探验证,以查明隧道通过区的地质及水文地质条件,通过钻孔内的地应力测试及综合水文测井,并取得相应的地质及水文地质参数;通过对泉水流量的测定,为隧道涌水量的预测提供了依据,并通过取样进行化学分析及氚分析,查明了地下水的补、径、排关系;通过水文地质计算,预测隧道的涌水量。研究结果:经过综合勘察,查明了隧道通过区的地层岩性、地质构造及地层的富水情况,取得了相应的水文地质参数,为隧道的设计及施工提供了依据。研究结论:通过对北天山越岭隧道的勘察,进一步认识了多种技术手段相结合的必要性,也充分意识到了水文地质工作在深埋长大隧道勘察中的重要性。但同时在工作中也发现了一些问题,通过经验总结提高了认识。     

Evaluation of manatee habitat systems on the northwestern Florida coast

Abstract

Threats to the survival of West Indian manatees (Trichechus manatus) vary throughout their range so that protection of this endangered species requires careful planning on a regional and local basis. The importance and vulnerability of various components of manatee habitats in the Crystal River area of northwestern Florida were assessed, using an ordinal‐combination mapping technique similar to procedures practiced in urban and regional planning. Habitat components were mapped and evaluated in juxtaposition with relevant characteristics of human use of the area, to identify areas of existing and potential manatee/human conflicts in need of reconciliation. Areas evaluated as the most important manatee habitats within this region include Crystal Bay and River, Homosassa River, and the Suwannee River estuary. Existing overlap of human activities with important manatee habitats is most critical near the urban communities of Crystal River and, to a lesser degree, Homosassa Springs. The need for integration of this ecological information into coastal land‐use planning is discussed.