On the dilution of liquid waste in ships' wakes

A study of the mixing behavior of liquid waste after ocean dumping is essential for the identification of dump sites, as well as for impact assessment on the surrounding oceanic waters. The dilution of liquid waste in the wakes of ships at sea is explored in this study, and the effects of the circumstances of the discharge operation such as the discharge rate, and the size and speed of the vessel, and the oceanic parameters such as currents and turbulence level in the water column, are examined. the mixing process is categorized into three stages: near-wake, far-wake, and long-term diffusion. Dilution rates in the three stages are derived, based on the theories of diffusion and momentumless wakes. In the far-wake stage, the speed of the ship is the most effective parameter in enhancing the dilution rate. The formulae for dilution rates in the farwake stage and for long-term diffusion agree well with field measurements, while the well-known IMCO formula underestimates the dilution rate. Presented at the International Conference on Technology for Marine Environment Preservation (MARIENV '95), Tokyo, Japan, September 24–29, 1995.     

A pseudofield model approach to simulate compartment-fire phenomena for marine fire safety design

In order to prevent the spread of marine compartment fires, it is necessary to understand the governing factors or characteristics of fire-spread phenomena. We present a pseudofield model approach to this problem. We first described a field model of turbulent heat convection based on a standard k – turbulence model. Two-dimensional numerical simulations of a two-linked compartment fire were carried out in order to predict the turbulent convection flow induced by the heat released from the fire. Then a more complicated fire-spread problem of multilinked compartment fires was analyzed by means of a zone model, in which the amounts of oxygen consumption and gas generation were solved by a gas-balance equations system. The effect of threshold conditions on fire propagation and the effect of the thickness of the heat insulation were investigated with numerical simulations.     

连云港30万吨级航道工程疏浚土抛泥扩散的数值模拟研究*

利用二维潮流泥沙数学模型,对连云港航道抛泥扩散观测期间的流场和含沙量进行了模拟计算.在对实测成果验证良好的基础上,研究了各抛泥方案中疏浚土倾倒所产生的悬浮泥沙的扩散规律及其对周边水域含沙量的影响.研究结果表明,采用两艘舱容4 500 m3的耙吸式抛泥船,在拟设抛泥点的流向偏向航道一侧时进行抛泥作业,所产生的悬浮泥沙能较快地沿水流方向扩散,高含沙水体的存在时间及扩散距离均较短,对临近航道含沙量的影响很小.     

基于分子动力学模拟的橡胶改性沥青在集料表面的扩散特征研究

橡胶改性沥青和集料之间的界面作用与沥青路面的耐久性、高温稳定性有着重要联系而现有研究对该界面作用的微观认知尚不够全面。基于分子动力学模拟,以Materials Studio软件为研究工具,构建由基质沥青、天然橡胶沥青、顺丁橡胶沥青、丁苯橡胶沥青（15%掺量）与集料的4种主要矿物组成（石英、方解石、钠长石、微斜长石）两两构成的界面模型,从分子尺度上探究不同沥青组分在4种矿物表面的扩散行为,分析得到不同橡胶类型对其扩散作用的影响规律。结果表明：轻质组分在各矿物表面的扩散作用强于重质组分,相对分子质量对沥青组分的扩散速率起到关键作用;在不同矿物表面,橡胶分子链的加入对于提升沥青各组分扩散系数多为积极作用,且不同类型橡胶作用规律有所不同。研究结果可为不同矿料类型制备适配的橡胶改性沥青提供参考依据。     

天然双层软土地基硬壳层的作用机理研究

硬壳层的存在改变了地基的受力状况,使地基土变为双层的受力模式。通过深入的理论研究,提出硬壳层软土地基界面附加应力的分布规律、硬壳层对地基附加应力的扩散,有助于确定科学合理的地基处理方案,从而节省投资和缩短工期。     

Fe／Ti纳米多层薄膜退火初期的扩散行为

采用双室高真空磁控溅射装置在溅射功率60 W和工作气压0.5 Pa下直流磁控溅射沉积了调制比为1,设计调制周期18.0 nm的Fe/Ti纳米多层薄膜.利用横截面透射电镜(XTEM)、差示扫描量热分析仪(DSC)及小角和广角X射线衍射(SA/WAXRD)分析退火初期的扩散行为.实测调制周期16.2nm,原始沉积Fe/Ti纳米多层薄膜由交替生长的纳米多晶α-Fe和α-Ti组成,调制界面清晰.Fe/Ti纳米多层薄膜热失稳过程包括亚层间的扩散、金属间化合物FeTi形成和长大3个阶段.退火温度为473 K时,保持与原始沉积相同的成分调制结构;退火温度升高到523 K,Fe与Ti亚层间发生互扩散,成分调制结构破坏,但相变未发生;达到最高退火温度623 K,过饱和固溶体α-Fe(Ti)和金属间化合物FeTi形成.     

A Class of Singularly Perturbed Problems for Nonlinear Two-Species Competitive Reaction-Diffusion System

Wang[1-4]studiedthesingularlyperturbedprob lemsofellipticequationsandnonlinearequations,Mo[5]discussedaclassofnonlinearpredator preysin gularlyperturbedRobinproblemsforreaction diffu sionsystems.Thesingularlyperturbedproblemfor nonlineartwo speciescompeti…     

现场燃烧技术在溢油应急处置中的应用

针对现场燃烧技术在溢油应急处置过程中的应用,分析现场燃烧技术的适用条件及优缺点,结合现场燃烧技术的相关政策法规、实施程序、健康安全环保指标、燃烧后评估方法比较与其他应急措施相比的优势。针对现场燃烧技术在2010年墨西哥湾溢油事故中的应用进行案例分析,结果表明现场燃烧技术是一种快速、高效、低成本的溢油清理方法。     

基于局部线性重构的全景高光谱影像低维可视化

论文提出一种基于局部线性重构的半监督学习全景高光谱影像扩散坐标系延拓方法.基于半监督学习思想,利用ε-net近似逼近全景高光谱影像的特征空间,并计算出对应的扩散几何坐标,进而基于局部线性性质在ε-net所逼近的特征空间上局部线性重构出外采样点的扩散几何坐标.相对于基于坐标系配准达到大尺度高光谱影像可视化的方法,半监督学习范式能够给出全景高光谱影像更为一致的坐标表示.     

渗流中离子扩散作用对码头护坡整体抗滑的影响

根据土体的应力-渗流-离子扩散耦合方程组,在离子扩散的整个过程中,推算其整体滑动带,进而获得其整体稳定系数。其研究结果可为今后研究工作提供一定的基础,对码头护坡整体抗滑的计算有一定的参考价值。