车体材质对城轨车辆运行阻力的影响

介绍了铝合金、不锈钢和耐候钢等三种车体材质对车体质量及城轨车辆运行阻力的影响。     

160 km/h快速货车制动系统随重调整装置的研制

介绍了160km/h快速货车制动系统随重调整装置的总体方案、结构原理及试验结果。     

权扰动的影响度量矩阵及其矩阵分析

对于加权线性回归模型,我们考虑权扰动的影响度量问题,给出权扰动的影响度量矩阵,利用迹、谱范数为工具,得出一些结论.     

公路线形安全性模糊综合评价

在建立线形安全性评价体系的基础上,提出了公路线形安全性的模糊评价方法,对其评分标准、隶属函数的建立及指标权重的确定方法等进行了深入讨论,并结合高速公路设计项目对所提出的线形安全性模糊综合评价方法进行了验证。     

基于改进灰色定权聚类的城市轨道交通网络规划方案优选研究

综合考虑路网结构合理性、建设实施性、运营效果、社会经济效益以及城市发展的协调性等五方面的影响因素,建立了城市轨道交通网络规划方案综合评价指标体系。引入高斯白化函数、等面积法则确定参数和基于信息熵的聚类权的标定法,提出了改进灰色定权聚类优选模型,并将其应用于某市轨道交通规划方案优选,评价结果与实际专家评审结果一致,验证了该模型的有效性和实用性。     

基于熵权—二维云模型的高铁建设工程系统韧性评价

高速铁路建设工程是一个多方参与的复杂系统,其建设过程中风险因素众多,可用系统韧性表示该系统的风险防御能力和受扰动后的恢复能力。为提高高速铁路建设工程风险防御能力及受外界因素扰动后的恢复能力,进行高铁建设工程系统韧性评价研究。以高速铁路建设工程系统为研究对象,基于韧性理论,从制度管理、人员管理、物料管理和信息管理4个方面构建铁路建设工程系统韧性评价指标体系。将防御能力和恢复能力作为各评价指标的基础变量,建立高速铁路建设工程系统韧性评价的熵权—二维云模型。运用熵权法对评价指标赋权,再利用MATLAB软件绘制二维评价云图,与标准评价云图作对比,表达工程系统韧性水平,最后计算贴近度以保证评价结果的准确性。以新建中卫至兰州铁路为例进行系统韧性评价,计算结果显示该工程系统韧性等级为“韧性大”(Ⅳ级),说明该项目韧性水平较好,并根据评价结果对韧性较低的指标提出加强举措。研究结果可为高铁建设工程系统韧性评价提供参考依据。     

用微粒群算法求解多元非线性方程组

分析了将多元非线性方程组的求解问题转化为求多元函数极值的优化问题的原理和方法;利用微粒群算法在连续空间中的优化能力求得极值点,得到方程组的近似解;给出了优化算法的具体流程;通过两个算例说明算法的可行性和有效性,实验结果表明此算法具有较高的效率和精度．     

Studying the benefits of carpooling in an urban area using automatic vehicle identification data

Carpooling has been considered a solution for alleviating traffic congestion and reducing air pollution in cities. However, the quantification of the benefits of large-scale carpooling in urban areas remains a challenge due to insufficient travel trajectory data. In this study, a trajectory reconstruction method is proposed to capture vehicle trajectories based on citywide license plate recognition (LPR) data. Then, the prospects of large-scale carpooling in an urban area under two scenarios, namely, all vehicle travel demands under real-time carpooling condition and commuter vehicle travel demands under long-term carpooling condition, are evaluated by solving an integer programming model based on an updated longest common subsequence (LCS) algorithm. A maximum weight non-bipartite matching algorithm is introduced to find the optimal solution for the proposed model. Finally, road network trip volume reduction and travel speed improvement are estimated to measure the traffic benefits attributed to carpooling. This study is applied to a dataset that contains millions of LPR data recorded in Langfang, China for 1 week. Results demonstrate that under the real-time carpooling condition, the total trip volumes for different carpooling comfort levels decrease by 32–49%, and the peak-hour travel speeds on most road segments increase by 5–40%. The long-term carpooling relationship among commuter vehicles can reduce commuter trips by an average of 30% and 24% in the morning and evening peak hours, respectively, during workdays. This study shows the application potential and promotes the development of this vehicle travel mode.     

The load-dependent vehicle routing problem and its pick-up and delivery extension

The present paper examines a Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) of major practical importance which is referred to as the Load-Dependent VRP (LDVRP). LDVRP is applicable for transportation activities where the weight of the transported cargo accounts for a significant part of the vehicle gross weight. Contrary to the basic VRP which calls for the minimization of the distance travelled, the LDVRP objective is aimed at minimizing the total product of the distance travelled and the gross weight carried along this distance. Thus, it is capable of producing sensible routing plans which take into account the variation of the cargo weight along the vehicle trips. The LDVRP objective is closely related to the total energy requirements of the vehicle fleet, making it a credible alternative when the environmental aspects of transportation activities are examined and optimized. A novel LDVRP extension which considers simultaneous pick-up and delivery service is introduced, formulated and solved for the first time. To deal with large-scale instances of the examined problems, we propose a local-search algorithm. Towards an efficient implementation, the local-search algorithm employs a computational scheme which calculates the complex weighted-distance objective changes in constant time. Solution results are presented for both problems on a variety of well-known test cases demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed solution approach. The structure of the obtained LDVRP and VRP solutions is compared in pursuit of interesting conclusions on the relative suitability of the two routing models, when the decision maker must deal with the weighted distance objective. In addition, results of a branch-and-cut procedure for small-scale instances of the LDVRP with simultaneous pick-ups and deliveries are reported. Finally, extensive computational experiments have been performed to explore the managerial implications of three key problem characteristics, namely the deviation of customer demands, the cargo to tare weight ratio, as well as the size of the available vehicle fleet.     

运梁河特大桥转体梁不平衡重称重试验分析

哈大客专运粮河特大桥跨既有线连续梁采用平转法施工,为确保转体顺利进行,转体前进行了T构不平衡重试验分析,文中介绍了一种转体构件不平衡重的测试方法和应用过程。结果表明,方法有效可行,可供同类工程借鉴。