机车模糊粘着控制及其仿真研究

简要讨论了目前机车空转识别方法和主要的防空转，粘着控制方法，提出了一种转趋势识别方法；基于此方法，利用模糊控制理论进行了优化着模糊控制的研究，仿真结果表明，上述方法能在发生空转前及时抑制空转发生，并最大限度利用粘着力，实现了优化粘着控制。     

北京地铁下穿运河区间地下水流速流向测试

地下水流速和流向会影响冻结工程施工效果。以北京地铁6号线下穿运河区间2#联络通道冻结工程为背景,针对地层渗透性强、地层扰动大、河水补给充足,以及周边基坑降水平行施工等复杂条件,采用钻孔勘察和AquaVISION测试仪测试的方法,开展了地下水流速流向现场测试,得到了联络通道处地层地下水流特征数据:流速为11.00~14.00m/d,流向为北偏道东46°。给出了该联络通道冻结设计和施工时的注意事项。     

高速动车组牵引特性分析

目前,200km/h的交流传动动车组已经运行在沪杭、沪宁既有线上。未来350km/h的交流传动动车组将在京津、沪宁城际铁路和京沪高速铁路上运行。高速动车组具有重量轻、粘着利用好、起动加速度快等特点。以CRH2型4动4拖8节编组为例,介绍交流传动动车组牵引加速度、牵引力、制动力和制动距离等的计算,以及在故障情况下的运行特点。     

地铁区间盾构出洞水平冻结加固工艺

以上海地铁某盾构出洞洞冻结加固施工为例,介绍地铁区间盾构出洞采用水平孔冻结加固的施工工艺(包括盾构出洞加固冻结方案、冻结施工技术参数、冻结孔施工前车站内衬墙的补强、冻结孔施工工序等)和过程控制;分析了冻结加固效果,为今后市政及相关工程采用该工艺施工提供了一个范例。     

正常绒毛和葡萄胎中Mel-CAM标记中间型滋养细胞的增殖情况

目的探讨葡萄胎中Mel-CAM与滋养细胞黏附、浸润之间的关系以及Mel-CAM标记中间型滋养细胞(IT)的增殖情况。方法采用双重免疫组化法,检测Mel-CAM标记IT的Ki-67表达情况。结果葡萄胎中Mel-CAM表达较正常绒毛明显增高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);葡萄胎绒毛表面有Mel-CAM标记IT出现,而正常绒毛表面则无;葡萄胎组织中IT的Ki-67指数较正常绒毛明显增高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论葡萄胎绒毛表面有Mel-CAM表达,表现出双重分化方向,这可能与葡萄胎的发病机制有关;检测葡萄胎组织中IT的Ki-67指数对于预测葡萄胎的转归有潜在的价值。     

Adhesion estimation at the wheel–rail interface using advanced model-based filtering

The railway industry in the UK is currently expanding the use of condition monitoring of railway vehicles. These systems can be used to improve maintenance procedures or could potentially be used to monitor current vehicle running conditions without the use of cost prohibitive sensors. This paper looks at a novel method for the online detection of areas of low adhesion in the wheel/rail contact that cause significant disruption to the running of a network, particularly in the autumn season. The proposed method uses a Kalman–Bucy filter to estimate the creep forces in the wheel–rail contact area; post-processing is then applied to provide information indicative of the actual adhesion level. The algorithm uses data that, in practice, would be available from a set of modest cost inertial sensors mounted on the vehicle bogie and wheel-sets. The efficacy of the approach is demonstrated using simulation data from a nonlinear dynamic model of the vehicle and its track interface.     

A study on high-speed rolling contact between a wheel and a contaminated rail

A 3-D explicit finite element model is developed to investigate the transient wheel–rail rolling contact in the presence of rail contamination or short low adhesion zones (LAZs). A transient analysis is required because the wheel passes by a short LAZ very quickly, especially at high speeds. A surface-to-surface contact algorithm (by the penalty method) is employed to solve the frictional rolling contact between the wheel and the rail meshed by solid elements. The LAZ is simulated by a varying coefficient of friction along the rail. Different traction efforts and action of the traction control system triggered by the LAZ are simulated by applying a time-dependent driving torque to the wheel axle. Structural flexibilities of the vehicle–track system are considered properly. Analysis focuses on the contact forces, creepage, contact stresses and the derived frictional work and plastic deformation. It is found that the longitudinal contact force and the maximum surface shear stress in the contact patch become obviously lower in the LAZ and much higher as the wheel re-enters the dry rail section. Consequently, a higher wear rate and larger plastic flow are expected at the location where the dry contact starts to be rebuilt. In other words, contact surface damages such as wheel flats and rail burns may come into being because of the LAZ. Length of the LAZ, the traction level, etc. are varied. The results also show that local contact surface damages may still occur as the traction control system acts.     

浅埋暗挖法新趋势

为了探索与研究新形势下浅埋暗挖法的发展出路,通过对近10年国内采用浅埋暗挖法的12项典型工程设计思路、施工效果的论述分析,结合21世纪经济社会新形势,提出浅埋暗挖法的发展新趋势。主要趋势有:1)强化辅助工法,简化主要工法;2)提高机械化、自动化、数字化水平,减少劳动力投入;3)控制好辅助工法阶段施工风险至关重要;4)辅助工法的造价将成为决定浅埋暗挖工法竞争力的重要因素。