Reduction of skin friction by microbubbles and its relation with near-wall bubble concentration in a channel

Determination of the flow structure near the wall is essential for a clear insight into the phenomenon of skin friction reduction by microbubbles in a turbulent boundary layer. An important parameter, is the bubble concentration or void fraction in the wall region in drag-reducing conditions. The purpose of this paper is to show drag-reducing effects due to microbubbles in a water channel and, more importantly, to show the dependence of the drag-reduction values on the near-wall void fraction. A two-dimensional channel with an aspect ratio of 10 was specially built for this purpose with provisions for air injection through porous plates. Skin friction was directly measured by a miniature floating element transducer with a 5-mm circular sensing disk mounted flush on the top wall 67 channel-heights downstream of the injector. The wall friction in the presence of air bubbles was found to be reduced under the same bulk velocity when compared with the value without air. Detailed void fraction profiles across the channel were obtained by a sampling probe and a fiber-optic probe. Better collapse of the drag reduction data, independent of different profile shapes, was found when plotted against the near-wall void fraction than against a cross-sectional mean void fraction. While this dependence reconfirms that the phenomena are essentially inner-region dependent, the lack of influence of the bubble distribution patterns away from the wall implies lack of outer region influence.     

热油泵机械密封泄漏原因及对策

冷却系统结垢后,摩擦副端面温度过高,这是导致热油泵机械密封失败的根本原因.采取软化水夹套冷却和新增静环背冷等措施,可降低摩擦副端面温度,从而解决密封泄漏的问题.     

汽车驾驶员不安全行为评价分析

为稳步增强汽车驾驶的安全性,减少安全事故的发生,驾驶人员除了需要具备足够的应急应变能力之外,还需要做好安全行为习惯养成工作,形成良好的驾驶习惯.文章以汽车驾驶员不安全行为作出研究对象,在明确不安全行为表现的基础上,深刻分析影响汽车驾驶人员不安全行为的因素,在此基础上,制定合理的应对策略,旨在引导驾驶人员形成安全行为,以...     

车轮踏面剥离试验研究

剥离是车轮踏面失效的主要类型。车轮剥离一般分为2种类型,一类是由滚动接触疲劳应力作用引起的剥离;另一类是由热作用和机械作用引起的剥离,主要有制动剥离和擦伤剥离。2种类型的车轮剥离实际上都与轮轨表面摩擦力直接相关。本文主要通过模拟试验研究轮轨摩擦力对车轮剥离的影响。     

桩侧土的桩-土临界位移实验研究

通过室内直剪摩擦试验、室内模型试验、深井荷载试验和桩基静载试验,研究了各类桩的临界位移的规律及其影响因素。研究结果表明,桩侧摩阻力达到极限值所需要的临界位移较桩身沉降而言是很小的,因此,合理地选择桩土荷载传递模型,正确认识桩的荷载传递机理是进行桩基优化设计的前提。本实验研究为桩的荷载传递分析提供了理论根据。     

自动驾驶汽车的仿真

随着汽车自动化程度的提高,自动驾驶汽车已成为国内外的研究热点之一。本文设计了一种自动驾驶汽车的模型,它能根据道路的弯曲程度变化实时地计算出车辆的转向角度输入,控制车辆按照预设想道路行吮。     

汽车在冰雪路面上安全驾驶的理论与方法

根据汽车安全驾驶的理论提出了汽车在冰雪路面上安全驾驶的方法。     

A survey of wheel–rail contact models for rail vehicles

Accurate and efficient contact models for wheel–rail interaction are essential for the study of the dynamic behaviour of a railway vehicle. Assessment of the contact forces and moments, as well as contact geometry provide a fundamental foundation for such tasks as design of braking and traction control systems, prediction of wheel and rail wear, and evaluation of ride safety and comfort. This paper discusses the evolution and the current state of the theories for solving the wheel–rail contact problem for rolling stock. The well-known theories for modelling both normal contact (Hertzian and non-Hertzian) and tangential contact (Kalker's linear theory, FASTSIM, CONTACT, Polach's theory, etc.) are reviewed. The paper discusses the simplifying assumptions for developing these models and compares their functionality. The experimental studies for evaluation of contact models are also reviewed. This paper concludes with discussing open areas in contact mechanics that require further research for developing better models to represent the wheel–rail interaction.     

铝电源线在轻型商用车上的应用研究

本文从铝电源线的制造工艺、基本参数、外防护、理论计算和台架测试等方面进行分析,论证其在轻型商用车上代替铜电源线的可行性。     

疲劳驾驶检测方法的研究进展

全世界每年因驾驶员疲劳驾驶而导致的死亡人数占交通灾难性事故的57%,故针对疲劳驾驶检测方法的研究具有现实意义.阐述了目前国内外各类疲劳驾驶检测方法的研究难点,介绍并对比分析了基于驾驶员生理参数、驾驶员行为特征、车辆行为特征的各类客观检测方法;最后对疲劳驾驶检测方法的发展趋势和应用前景进行了论述.