Use of localized necking and fracture as a failure criterion in ship collision analysis

This study explores the use of localized necking for failure modeling in maritime crash analysis, using large shell elements. The assumption that the failure of a large shell element occurs simultaneously with the onset of localized necking is revisited. This study particularly investigates the numerical implementation of the localized necking condition and its implications on the results of ship collision analysis involving not only plate rupture but also various failure mechanisms such as the crushing and tearing of web girders, stringers, and their intersections. Through a series of large-scale collision simulations, the effects of bending deformation on the initiation of necking, non-proportional loading paths, and ductile fractures not preceded by localized necking, are investigated. It is demonstrated that a localized necking-based fracture model provides a reasonable, relatively mesh-insensitive estimate of the onset of fracture in the outer hull panels; however, fracture propagation is very sensitive to the numerical implementation of the necking and fracture model, especially for the cases involving the crushing of web frames and stringers.     

港工钢筋混凝土结构耐久性及其修复研究进展

论述了港工混凝土结构耐久性破损机理、破损因素和破损类型，介绍了港工混凝土结构修复理论的发展状况，归纳了港工混凝土结构的维修方法，综述了港工混凝土结构的修复材料。     

湘潭湘江四大桥桩基混凝土的配合比设计及其应用

本文综述了湘潭湘江四大桥桩基混凝土配合比设计过程中对原材料的选择,及其在实际工程应用过程中灵活使用外加剂后掺法解决了外加剂与水泥适应性不良的问题,保证了工程的质量和施工进度。     

湿陷性黄土地基强夯和冲击压实技术经济分析

0引言湿陷性是指土在自重或附加应力与自重共同作用下受水浸湿后产生急剧而大量的下沉。国标中规定:当sδ≥0.015时,为湿陷性黄土。通常湿陷性黄土地基较多采用强夯法处理,其主要特点是适应性强,经济简便;而冲击压实技术是20世纪90年代从南非蓝派公司引进,具有减少工后沉降效果     

PCB生产中碱性蚀刻液补加工艺

从碱性蚀刻的化学反应机理出发,分析影响蚀刻精度的诸多因素,总结常规的蚀刻液补加工艺,提出了新的蚀刻液补加思路,并在实际生产中取得一定的效果.     

空间复合材料加筋板流固耦合振动分析

本文用结构有限元与流体边界元方法研究了空间复合材料加筋板结构的流固耦合自由振动，推导了用于结构分析的分项插值型复合材料八节点板单元和三节点梁单元，以及用于流场分析的线性边界单元。用修正的RIRZ向量法与波前法相结合的方法求解特征值问题，避免了因附连水质量引起的结构质量矩阵为满阵的内存困难和非对称矩阵方程约化困难。算例表明，附连水质量对复合材料结构的动力特性影响要比各向同性材料严重得多。     

A review of the Effect of α/W ratio on fracture toughness （Ⅱ） experimental investigation in LEFM

In part I of this series, experimental investigation in EPFM （elastic-plastic fracture mechanics） had been discussed. In this paper, experimental investigation in LEFM （ linear elastic fracture mechanics） is given. Fracture toughness tests had been carried out on three different strength steels, using both through-cracked specimens with different α/W ratio and semi-elliptical cracked specimens with variable crack size and shape. Results show that the fracture toughness KIC increases with decreasing α/W when α/W 〈 0.3 for three-point-bend specimens, and that for α/W 〉 0.3, it is independent of α/W. Shallow crack specimens, both through-cracked and surface-cracked, gave markedly higher values than deeply notched specimens. However, the effect of crack shape on fracture toughness is negligible. Results also show that the LEFM approach to fracture is not tenable for design stresses where αc is often very small, far less than 2.5 （ KIC/σy）^2.     

铁路货物运输的随机过程分析和及时送达概率估计

应用随机过程理论，分析铁路运输系统中货物及时送达的概率分布，得到货物运输延续时间的平均值，为实现用户要求的运到期限提供了合理保证，并可通过评估与货主商定的运到期限与实际货物送达时间误差的概率，来找到货物及时送达过程中的关键环节，改进货物送达流程。最后举例说明它的应用。     

服役钢筋混凝土桥梁时变可靠性分析

分析了影响桥梁抗力变化的因素,讨论了桥梁抗力的衰减模型,并根据已有抗力信息采用回归分析方法及最小二乘法确定模型参数的方法,建立抗力随时间变化的可靠度分析模型.对某座实际钢筋混凝土桥梁的可靠度进行了分析研究.结果表明所研究方法的可靠性和有效性.     

浅析微机监测轨道电压超限报警

轨道电压是衡量轨道电路运用状态好坏的重要参数,微机监测中轨道电压日报表中的超限报警信息是提前发现轨道电路是否存在隐患的重要依据。但日报表中提供的超限报警信息量比较大,有的是设备问题、有的是监测问题、还有的是车辆运行问题,怎样从这大量的信息中查找、发现有价值的信息才是进行微机监测调看分析的目的。