城市快速轨道交通空气动力学相关问题探讨

随着城市轨道交通的快速发展,其设定的最高速度目标值突破了现行地铁相关规范最高速度的适用范围,许多在低速时可以忽略的空气动力学现象在快速时就变得不容忽视.结合目前的隧道阻塞比,给出城市快速轨道交通所出现的由空气动力学效应引起的相关现象,并结合地铁自身特点进行定性分析,提出相应的减缓措施,以期对进一步的研究提供参考方向,对...     

The planning and analysis of a new group rapid transit system: the SkyCabs monobeam system in Auckland

This paper examines a case study of the SkyCabs system as a way to alleviate some of the traffic problems of Auckland, New Zealand. SkyCabs is an elevated two-way monobeam carrying light eight-seater cabs on tracks on each side of the beam, available on demand, providing fast, pollution-free, unimpeded travel above the footpath with panoramic views of the city. The aim of this study is to investigate the attractiveness of implementing the SkyCabs system to and from Auckland central business district (CBD) and Auckland international airport by examining four variables: different routes, different number of stops/stations, different passenger demand levels, and different number of cabs in the system. The analysis utilizes geographical information system and simulation tools for the various scenarios considered. The results show that it is possible to assess the cost–benefit of alternative routes in terms of those four variables and rate of return on investment.     

Cost-effectiveness of reductions in greenhouse gas emissions from High-Speed Rail and urban transportation projects in California

A rising trend in state and federal transportation finance is to invest capital dollars into projects which reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. However, a key metric for comparing projects, the cost-effectiveness of GHG emissions reductions, is highly dependent on the cost-benefit methodology employed in the analysis. Our analysis comparing California High-Speed Rail and three urban transportation projects shows how four different accounting framings bring wide variations in cost per metric tonne of GHG emissions reduced. In our analysis, life-cycle GHG emissions are joined with full cost accounting to better understand the benefits of cap-and-trade investments. Considering only public subsidy for capital, none of the projects appear to be a cost-effective means to reduce GHG emissions (i.e., relative to the current price of GHG emissions in California’s cap-and-trade program at $12.21 per tonne). However, after adjusting for the change in private costs users incur when switching from the counterfactual mode (automobile or aircraft) to the mode enabled by the project, all investments appear to reduce GHG emissions at a net savings to the public. Policy and decision-makers who consider only the capital cost of new transportation projects can be expected to incorrectly assess alternatives and indirect benefits (i.e., how travelers adapt to the new mass transit alternative) should be included in decision-making processes.     

个人快速交通技术发展现状与应用展望

个人快速交通将进入商业化运营.对个人快速交通的发展历程、类型与技术经济特征进行了较为系统的论述.依据其目前实施情况,给出了可能的应用方向.个人快速交通较适合在下列场合使用:特定场所(如机场、高档开发区等),都市繁华区域短距离联系,市郊有较高活力的区域.为我国城市交通选型提供借鉴.     

快速道路公交和城市轨道交通关键参数比较及相关问题探讨

对快速道路公交和城市轨道交通系统的规划和建设时间、基建费用和运营成本、票费收支比、补贴和投融资、载客量、速度和灵活性、能源消耗等关键参数进行了分析比较.指出快速道路公交在费用、灵活性和建设周期上具有较大优势,轨道交通系统在载客能力、环境景观和服务水平上更有优势,还可以充分利用地下空间.在层次分析法框架下讨论了发展快速公共交通的决策准则.提出了快速道路公交和轨道交通的两种组合模式:快速道路公交作为轨道交通的补充和延伸,提高公共交通的覆盖率和服务水平;快速道路公交作为轨道交通发展的过渡阶段,先发展快速道路公交,培育客流,待轨道交通建成后再将快速道路公交路权返还给社会车辆.     

宜昌市夜明珠路总体方案研究

结合宜昌BRT(快速公交系统)建设对宜昌市夜明珠路进行改造,受众多因素控制,道路改造难度较高。介绍了工程建设条件及总体设计方案。总体方案结合路线两侧现状地形、控制因素等不同特点,将路线分为沿河线段和合流线段两个典型路段,并进行方案比选,综合各方面因素,得出了推荐方案。     

250km／h高速铁路轨道不平顺的安全管理

利用根据车辆－轨道耦合动力学思想所建立车辆－轨道垂横耦合模型,在充分考虑多种波长并存的情况下,仿真计算了250km/h高速铁路各种轨道不平顺的管理目标值。计算结果与日本和德国高速铁路轨道不平顺的经验管理目标值基本一致。     

城际铁路与市域快轨的规划决策支持研究

基于城际铁路与市域快轨在决策体系和功能技术上的现状背景,分析深圳、香港两地的都市圈轨道交通建设实践案例,旨在提出统筹空间规划、轨道交通规划与工程设计的决策支持框架。从出行人性化、空间相契合、经济可持续三方面阐述正确处理城际铁路和市域快轨关系应考虑的三方面因素。进而提出涵盖车站、线路、土地利用、周边接驳、投融资等方面的规划决策分析框架。强调城际铁路和市域快轨的功能要落实在都市圈的空间规划上,通过全程旅行速度来控制速度目标值的实现,进而确定车辆选型、供电制式、站间距等设计要素。     

基于交叉口双站台的BRT 优先控制研究

为解决交叉口因BRT优先影响其他车辆通行问题,提出基于交叉口双站台的BRT 优先控制方法. 给出交叉口BRT双站台设置方法,对比分析BRT在交叉口单、双站台的平均延误. 根据BRT发车时刻、交叉口信号配时、BRT平均车速、交叉口间距及站台停靠时间等,制定 BRT站台预停靠方案和行车时刻表. 为确保BRT按照预停靠站台及时刻表运行,采用BRT车速引导与信号配时双重补偿修正BRT 实际离站时刻与时刻表的偏差. 以常州BRT 1 号线为例,对应用本文方法的5 个交叉口进行分析. 结果表明：BRT在每个站台实际离站时刻偏差范围为±5 s、±10 s、±20 s 时,本文优先控制方法显著减少BRT停车次数和延误,提高了BRT整体运营效率.