Young drivers and graduated licensing: The Ontario case

Despite improvements in road safety over the past several decades, accident rates remain high for young drivers. One accident countermeasure that is expected to improve the safety record of this group is graduated licensing. The philosophy behind this licensing system is that novice drivers, of whom the majority are young, should be restricted to relatively safe driving environments during the initial learning period. Graduated licensing was implemented in the Province of Ontario, Canada in 1994. The objective of this study is to estimate the potential benefits and costs for young drivers associated with two components of the Ontario graduated licensing package: the late-night driving curfew and the high-speed roadway restrictions. Based on accident and travel data for the year 1988, accident-involvement rates per kilometre driven were calculated for different driver groups for various combinations of time of day and roadway speed limit. These rates were then applied to the expected mobility profiles of young drivers affected by graduated licensing. The results of the study support the late-night curfew and suggest that this component of the licensing package should reduce total accident involvements for the affected group by up to 10 percent and fatal accident involvements by up to 24 percent, while reducing their total driving by only four percent. By contrast, the empirical evidence suggest that the high-speed roadway restrictions are likely to increase accident involvements, and thus it is strongly recommended that this component of Ontario's graduated licensing package be changed.     

东营黄河大桥上部结构施工支架及挂篮关键技术

东营黄河大桥主桥上部结构(116 200 220 200 116)m预应力混凝土刚构连续结合梁的箱梁采用菱形挂篮悬臂施工法。介绍了主墩和次主墩0号块施工分别选取的支架方案,以及现浇直线段的支架方案。阐述了挂篮的试压方法,并对其试压结果进行了分析。     

堆积体围岩中隧道洞口段修建技术

主要介绍丹 (东 )本 (溪 )高速公路的张家隧道右线洞口段通过弃渣堆积体围岩的施工技术。施工中采用自钻式锚杆和注浆工艺并获得成功。     

Mobile phone use while driving: public opinions on restrictions

This paper reviews two road-user surveys on the use of mobile phones on the road in Finland where the mobile phone ownership rate is highest in the world (70% in August 2000). From 1998 to 1999 the proportion of drivers that chose to use a mobile phone while driving rose from 56% to 68%, while the proportion of phone using drivers who experienced dangerous situations due to phone use rose from 44% to 50%. The proportion of drivers who used their phones in some way to benefit safety on the road remained at about 55%. The youngest, novice drivers had the highest level of phone usage of all age categories. Over 48% of the interviewees believed that the government should ban the use of hand-held mobile phones while driving, and another 27% believed that all types of mobile phone use should be banned while driving. Those drivers who used their phones the most each day were more likely to want some form of restrictions, than those who had lower usage. This is a strong message to the elected lawmakers and raises the problem of exactly how regulatory bodies would go about controlling the future growth of new driver support and non-driving related communication devices in road vehicles. It was concluded that legislating for hands-free use only would be a reasonable course of action. Mandating that the current generation of equipment should be optimized for hands-free use should result in future generations of in-vehicle equipment also being optimized for hands-free use as a minimum criterion.     

1-50m钢混结合梁施工过程中的稳定性分析

利用SAP84计算程序和根据设计规范手算相结合 ,对 15 0m钢混结合梁施工过程中开口截面钢梁的稳定性进行分析比较 ,介绍建模及计算过程 ;同时根据计算结果 ,揭示结构的薄弱环节 ,并依此检验为防止结构失稳而采取的结构构造措施     

对中国未来10年道路交通安全状况分析与初步预测

笔者从中国现代道路交通系统的发展现状与道路交通安全状况出发，以过去10多年中国汽车、摩托车保有量的发展轨迹为基础，对中国未来一定时期（2004～2015年）机动车保有量的发展变化及政府采取不同管理对策条件下的道路交通安全状况的发展水平进行了预测。结果表明：政府管理对策对道路交通安全状况变化具有决定性影响。     

Managing transportation during highway reconstruction: A recommended process

Major highway reconstruction can cause significant disruptions to existing travel patterns and economic activity. Reducing these impacts on travelers, shippers, businesses and residents requires that innovative and effective transportation management actions be developed and implemented. This paper reports the major findings and recommendations of a research study on managing transportation during highway, reconstruction. The primary objectives of the study were

探地雷达在地铁隧道施工过程中的应用

探地雷达检测方法具有经济、无损、快速且直观的特点,利用探地雷达对地铁隧道施工过程中的地面建(构)筑物及衬砌质量进行检测,为建设和运营单位解决地铁隧道的安全隐患,及时确定维修与加固方案提供了依据。经现场验证,检测结果与实际基本吻合。     

地铁盾构长大隧道测量施工技术研究

结合广州市轨道交通22号线工程,针对2 km以上长距离隧道工程施工需要高精度控制测量技术配合的重难点,对控制测量技术进行分析和论证,创新提出打孔定向测量施工控制技术、陀螺仪定向测量施工技术、地表深层监测施工技术,并对其施工流程进行详细分析探讨。工程实践证明,通过三项地铁盾构隧道测量施工技术的应用,不但提高了施工功效,而且提高了隧道测量精度,减小了贯通误差,确保了盾构隧道得以安全顺利贯通。     

引水洞圆弧形底拱施工技术研究

在引水洞弧形底拱施工中,气泡、水泡的质量通病一直没有得到很好解决。为确保混凝土内在质量及外观质量,通过几种现行的施工方案分析,研制出横向滑模施工装置,总结出横向滑模施工工艺,成功地解决了施工的难题,为类似工程提供借鉴实例。