铁道信号系统安全保障研究

在信号系统的设计、制造、施工、调试等阶段进行安全保障很重要。重点介绍按照欧洲铁路安全标准对铁道信号系统进行交叉接收以及安全管理。     

基于路侧毫米波雷达的车辆碰撞概率计算方法

为定量化得出高速公路同一车道中前后相邻车辆的碰撞概率,从制动减速度的角度出发,提出一种新的前后相邻车辆碰撞概率计算方法。分别考虑前后车发生碰撞的3种不同情况,推导出如果发生碰撞前车需要的最小制动减速度。基于路侧毫米波雷达获取海量车辆运行状态真实数据,包括轨迹、速度以及制动减速度的变化规律,采用广义帕累托分布(Generalized Pareto Distribution,GPD)建立制动减速度分布模型,进一步基于GPD模型计算出在不同场景下如果发生碰撞所需最小制动减速度的发生概率,将该概率值确定为碰撞概率。研究结果表明,在本研究路段,约99.10%的加速度在[-1, 1] m·s^-2的区间范围内波动,车辆制动减速度的分布具有“长尾”特征,较大的制动减速度占比非常小。内侧1车道、2车道加速分布比3车道的分布更为集中,大型货车的加速度分布比小客车的加速度分布更集中。最后,基于真实的危险场景数据以及模拟的典型危险场景数据进行验证,将该方法的计算结果与传统方法的计算结果相比较,表明该方法的计算结果连续,且可迅速、准确地识别各类危险场景。     

电涡流缓速器对周边零部件的热害影响

通过试验数据分析大客车电涡流缓速器在工作时产生的高温对周边零部件、管路、线路正常工作的影响,并提出防范电涡流热害的相应措施。     

探地雷达技术在高速公路病害检测中的应用

提出采用探地雷达的无损检测技术对运营高速公路中常见病害进行检测。从分析探地雷达检测原理、检测方式入手,通过应用实例说明探地雷达检测技术具有无损、快速、简易、准确率高的优点。因此,作为高速公路预防性养护的常用技术,该法对正确指导日常养护管理具有广阔的应用前景。     

江西省高速公路路侧交通事故统计分析和路侧障碍物处理对策

通过调查江西省昌樟高速梅林段、梨温高速和泰井高速2006年至2007年单车路侧交通事故,详细记录并分析事故资料,总结出江西省高速公路单车路侧事故的特点以及相应路侧障碍物在路侧事故中的反应特点,提出13种常见路侧障碍物的处理对策。     

综合物探技术在石油平台场址灾害调查中的应用

海洋物探技术是海洋调查的主要作业手段,在海洋石油平台的安全施工需要方面发挥重要作用.通过实例,介绍石油平台场址调查的主要作业范围、使用设备、以及主要结论,包括描述与分析预定平台位置及周围的、与平台就位、预定管线路由铺设施工有关的工程地质现象.     

香港地铁的安全风险管理

概述地铁有限公司在香港建立和实践安全风险管理体系的经验、运营铁路安全管理组织架构、工程项目各阶段的安全风险管理规划、主要安全风险管理任务及分析方法等.     

A latent class accelerated hazard model of social activity duration

Over the past decade, activity scheduling processes have gained increasing attention in the field of transportation research. However, still little is known about the scheduling of social activities even though these activities account for a large and growing portion of trips. This paper contributes to this knowledge. We analyze how the duration of social activities is influenced by social activity characteristics and characteristics of the relationship between the respondent and the contacted person(s). To that end, a latent class accelerated hazard model is estimated, based on social interaction diary data that was collected in the Netherlands in 2008. Chi-square tests and analyses of variance are used to test for significant relations between the latent classes and personal and household characteristics. Findings suggest that the social activity characteristics and the characteristics of the relationship between the socializing persons are highly significant in explaining social activity duration. This shows that social activities should not be considered as a homogenous set of activities and it underlines the importance of including the social context in travel-behavior models. Moreover, the results indicate that there is a substantial amount of latent heterogeneity across the population. Four latent classes are identified, showing different social activity durations, and different effects for both categories of explanatory variables. Latent class membership can be explained by household composition, socio-economic status (education, income and work hours), car ownership and the number of interactions in 2 days.     

隧道爆炸冲击波的危害及控制措施

目前山岭隧道施工基本以钻爆法为主,爆破过程中产生的冲击波会对隧道内的人员及机械设备安全产生较大影响,造成重大安全事故和财产损失。本文主要介绍了冲击波在隧道内传播会形成超压,且随着传播距离增加超压峰值逐渐衰减到大气压范围内;基于超压准则评估了冲击波对人体、隧道内设施及周边建筑物的危害程度;通过在隧道内安装简易的冲击波缓冲装置及加强监测、设置安全警戒线等控制措施,减弱了爆破冲击波的危害,从而达到安全快速施工的目的。     

Motorway crash duration and its determinants: do durations vary across motorways?

Traffic congestion has been a growing issue in many metropolitan areas during recent years, which necessitates the identification of its key contributors and development of sustainable strategies to help decrease its adverse impacts on traffic networks. Road incidents generally and crashes specifically have been acknowledged as the cause of a large proportion of travel delays in urban areas and account for 25% to 60% of traffic congestion on motorways. Identifying the critical determinants of travel delays has been of significant importance to the incident management systems, which constantly collect and store the incident duration data. This study investigates the individual and simultaneous differential effects of the relevant determinants on motorway crash duration probabilities. In particular, it applies parametric Accelerated Failure Time (AFT) hazard‐based models to develop in‐depth insights into how the crash‐specific characteristic and the associated temporal and infrastructural determinants impact the duration. AFT models with both fixed and random parameters have been calibrated on one year of traffic crash records from two major Australian motorways in South East Queensland, and the differential effects of determinants on crash survival functions have been studied on these two motorways individually. A comprehensive spectrum of commonly used parametric fixed parameter AFT models, including generalized gamma and generalized F families, has been compared with random parameter AFT structures in terms of goodness of fit to the duration data, and as a result, the random parameter Weibull AFT model has been selected as the most appropriate model. Significant determinants of motorway crash duration included traffic diversion requirement, crash injury type, number and type of vehicles involved in a crash, day of week and time of day, towing support requirement and damage to the infrastructure. A major finding of this research is that the motorways under study are significantly different in terms of crash durations; such that motorway 1 exhibits durations that are on average 19% shorter compared with the durations on motorway 2. The differential effects of explanatory variables on crash durations are also different on the two motorways. The detailed presented analysis confirms that looking at the motorway network as a whole, neglecting the individual differences between roads, can lead to erroneous interpretations of duration and inefficient strategies for mitigating travel delays along a particular motorway.