对中国未来10年道路交通安全状况分析与初步预测

笔者从中国现代道路交通系统的发展现状与道路交通安全状况出发，以过去10多年中国汽车、摩托车保有量的发展轨迹为基础，对中国未来一定时期（2004～2015年）机动车保有量的发展变化及政府采取不同管理对策条件下的道路交通安全状况的发展水平进行了预测。结果表明：政府管理对策对道路交通安全状况变化具有决定性影响。     

交通环境对交通安全的影响及对策

交通安全涉及人、车、道路及环境等诸多因素,对交通事故的成因分析表明,驾驶员的责任是主要影响因素,其次是车辆和道路因素。但不容忽视的是,目前关于交通环境对事故影响的研究尚不够充分;交通管理部门确定事故原因也主要从人、车2 因素入手,较少涉及交通环境因素。事实上,作为事故的间接原因,交通环境常常通过间接作用影响安全,亦即不良的交通环境诱发人的不安全行为,从而导致人员违章等交通事故的发生。     

Managing transportation during highway reconstruction: A recommended process

Major highway reconstruction can cause significant disruptions to existing travel patterns and economic activity. Reducing these impacts on travelers, shippers, businesses and residents requires that innovative and effective transportation management actions be developed and implemented. This paper reports the major findings and recommendations of a research study on managing transportation during highway, reconstruction. The primary objectives of the study were

成都轨道交通环线客流特征分析及运营模式研究

针对轨道交通环线大多采用的"鱼刺图"客流断面表达形式及内外环对称开行的运营模式存在的问题,通过运用国内首创的环形客流断面图对环线客流特征进行直观表达,在此基础上对其运营组织模式进行研究并提出不同的运营模式供灵活选择,以期对后续其他城市环线的设计提供参考。研究结论:(1)环线有别于放射性线路具有明显的客流特征差异,运用环形客流断面图方式,可读性和直观性更强。(2)根据环线的不同客流特征提出内外环对称、内外环不对称、大小交路、单向收发车4种运营模式。4种运营模式各有自身的适应性,在具体项目应用时应结合实际线路沿线站点情况及客流特征进行进一步研究比选。     

深圳地铁线网客流分析及与运行图匹配措施研究

深圳地铁二期工程于2011年6月28日投入试运营,形成178 km线网,客运量激增,并具明显特点。通过分析线网客流,尤其是3号线客流特点,制定了工作日早晚高峰及休息日全天的调图措施,以满足服务并买现运能匹配和成本控制。     

公路交通参数检测器的设计

提出了一种公路交通参数检测器的设计方案。检测器分为检测模块与处理模块两部分，利用LC并联谐振电路与锁相环工作原理，设计了基于单片计算机的检测模块；根据检测器的性能要求，设计了基于单片计算机的处理模块，完成对数据的采集、处理、存贮与传输。本检测器具有实用性好、抗噪声与防串音能力强、工作稳定度高和易于实现联网工作的优点。     

模糊逻辑推理在消除交通流诱导负效应中的应用

针对交通流诱导可能产生的负效应问题,提出了诱导负效应消除的原理和模糊逻辑推理方法。在原理设计中,考虑了出行者的出行行为对网络交通流分配的影响;在实现方法上,应用模糊推理技术对分流交通量进行了预测,并设计了路线交叉口信号灯配时方案调整的模糊控制算法,模拟结果验证了模糊逻辑推理技术的有效性。研究表明:交通流诱导负效应的产生主要是由于信息条件下的道路出行者路线选择行为的不确定性引起的,而且交通流诱导与控制同时进行是消除交通流诱导负效应产生的关键。     

液力变矩器泵轮流场数值分析

应用计算流体动力学(CFD)方法，采用非结构网格和稳态交互面技术，模拟了液力变矩器三维内流场，并与试验相对照，验证了数值模拟的正确性。分析了泵轮进口、中弦面、出口面速度场和压力场，以及泵轮流道流场形态及流场形成的机理。     

Bus Priority Using pre-signals

The need to provide efficient public transport services in urban areas has led to the implementation of bus priority measures in many congested cities. Much interest has recently centred on priority at signal controlled junctions, including the concept of pre-signals, where traffic signals are installed at or near the end of a with-flow bus lane to provide buses with priority access to the downstream junction. Although a number of pre-signals have now been installed in the U.K., particularly in London, there has been very little published research into their design, operation and optimisation. This paper addresses these points through the development of analytical procedures which allow pre-implementation evaluation of specific categories of pre-signals. The paper initially sets out three categories of pre-signal, which have different operating characteristics, different requirements for signalling and different impacts on capacity and delay. Key issues concerning signalling arrangements for these categories are then discussed, together with a summary of the analytical approach adopted and the assumptions required. Equations are developed to allow appropriate signal timings to be calculated for pre-signalised intersections. Further equations are then developed to enable delays to priority and non-priority traffic, with and without pre-signals, to be estimated with delay being taken here as the key performance criterion. The paper concludes with three application examples illustrating how the equations are applied and the impacts of pre-signals in different situations.The analyses confirm the potential benefits of pre-signals, where these signals apply to non-priority traffic only. Where buses are also subject to a pre-signal, it is shown that disbenefits to buses can often occur, unless bus detectors are used to gain priority signalling.     

北京城市交通发展战略研究

本文综合分析了北京城市交通现状，运用生产力布局的理论对北京城市交通拥堵的原因进行分析，探索了国内外大城市交通发展的最新趋势，根据发展“首都经济”的要求．提出解决北京城市交通拥堵问题，必须采取标本兼治，并提出北京城市交通发展战略研究的有关建议。.