铅锌选矿废水治理技术研究

本文通过对甘洛县境内的铅锌选矿废水的测试、分析以及治理工艺路线的研究，提出了一套高效、简便、可行经济的铅锌选矿废水治理技术方案，对其中的主要工艺单元设计参数进行了特别研究。     

Impacts of motor vehicle operation on water quality in the US – Cleanup costs and policies

This paper investigates the costs of controlling some of the environmental impacts of motor vehicle transportation on groundwater and on surface waters. We estimate that annualized costs of cleaning-up leaking underground storage tanks range from $0.8 billion to $2.1 billion per year over 10 years. Annualized costs of controlling highway runoff from principal arterials in the US are much larger: they range from $2.9 billion to $15.6 billion per year over 20 years (1.6–8.3% of annualized highway transportation expenditures). Some causes of non-point source pollution were unintentionally created by regulations or could be addressed by simple design changes of motor vehicles. A review of applicable measures suggests that effective policies should combine economic incentives, information campaigns, and enforcement, coupled with preventive environmental measures. In general, preventing water pollution from motor vehicles would be much cheaper than cleaning it up.     

Finite-difference simulation of green water impact on fixed and moving bodies

A numerical method was developed to predict the water impact pressure caused by green water phenomena. The density function method was employed in the framework of a locally refined overlapping grid system. The simple problem of a rectangular body placed in regular waves was considered and the simulation results were compared with tank experiments. Good agreement with experiment was shown for wave–body interactions and for the pressure values at three different positions on the body. The case of a rectangular body with a vertical wall on the deck was also considered and the comparison showed satisfactory agreement. It was demonstrated that this method could be extended to a moving body problem, in which the body was free to undergo heave, pitch, and surge motions.     

浅谈纯水制造设备的保固

纯水制造设备的连续优质供水对工厂的正常生产有着非常大的影响。本文首先简单介绍纯水制造设备的流程,然后对设备产生故障的原因进行分析。     

Estimation of value of travel time reliability

In mode choice decision, travelers consider not only travel time but also reliability of its modes. In this paper, reliability was expressed in terms of standard deviation and maximum delay that were measured based on triangular distribution. In order to estimate value of time and value of reliability, the Multinomial and Nested Logit models were used. The analysis results revealed that reliability is an important factor affecting mode choice decisions. Elasticity is used to estimate the impacts of the different policies and system improvements for water transportation mode. Among these policies, decision maker can assess and select the best alternative by doing the benefit and cost analysis based on a new market share, the value of time, and the value of reliability. Finally, a set of promising policies and system improvement of the water transportation were proposed.     

Valuation of externalities through neo-classical methods by including institutional variables

Externalities are uncompensated influences that are not expressed in a market but that affect the production possibilities or the welfare level of third parties. An example is the noise pollution in airport areas. Although air transport is an important source of economic growth and employment in many countries, the social and environmental problems connected with this sector are rising rapidly. Consequently, airports are becoming a matter of concern to many politicians. On what kind of values should they base their decisions as to further growth or consolidation of the current situation? In this paper we discuss two approaches, one based on mainstream, neo-classical, economics, and one based on institutional approaches, more in particular new institutional economics, which can be seen as a development complementary to the mainstream.     

On the fresh balance of the Adriatic Sea

The long-term mean fresh water balance of the Adriatic Sea is studied by ananalysing evaporation, precipitation and river runoff. Evaporation is computed from May latent heat flux and by means of bulk formula. In the latter case two wind speed data sets are used, namely those from the NMC and May. The sea surface temperature is taken from a historical Adriatic data set, and the air temperature and relative humidity come from the NMC data set. Two precipitation data sets are considered, namely the Legates and Willmott climatology and a data set consisting of data measured at 62 rain-gauge stations located on the Adriatic coasts. Runoff contribution to the fresh water balance is estimated from the long-term average flow rates of 39 rivers and the horizontal distribution of salinity in the upper mixed layer.The spatial distribution of the fresh water balance, as well as of its components, is analysed by means of monthly objective maps, from which averages and standard deviations are computed. The results obtained from the different computations are not always univocal, particularly in the evaluation of Summer evaporation, and are affected by relatively large statistical errors. Significant spatial and seasonal variability occurs, with a noticeable fresh water gain along the coastline of the northern and middle basins, while small areas of fresh water loss are found in the middle and southern basins. Nevertheless, on an annual basis, the difference between the fresh water losses by evaporation and the gains by precipitation and runoff is clearly negative, indicating that, unlike the whole Mediterranean, the Adriatic Sea is generally a dilution basin.     

野三关隧道DK 124+602突水相关水文地质分析

研究目的:野三关隧道出口突发性大涌水,造成灾害。研究与分析施工资料、既有水文地质资料及现场观测资料,探究其原因,总结其规律,有效地确定其设计、施工整治方案,规避施工风险。研究结论:志留系碎屑岩组成的山地分水岭与栖霞组、茅口组灰岩组成的山地斜坡之间的地貌交界处和岩性界面处是汇水富集的地方;P1q+m富水地层中发育3#暗河,存在3个不同类型的充水层,它们都与3#暗河有不同程度的联系,隧道突水将暗河导入隧道;改道后的暗河继承、保留了原3#暗河的管道流特征、径流流量动态变化特征、降雨-流量关系特征等;暗河改道将对环境产生一定影响、大流量水流突出的泥石和随带的泥沙对施工和营运养护将造成困难。     

列车集便污水好氧处理工艺试验研究

以某动车段化粪池实际出水为原水样本,采用SBR工艺重点对COD、氨氮的去除效率进行了研究,确定了列车集便污水活性污泥法好氧处理曝气时间、DO值、进水主要污染物指标浓度范围等参数。试验表明SBR工艺对列车集便污水化粪池出水中的COD仅有50%的去除效果,曝气时间超过8 h对COD去除效果的提高作用不大;集便污水NH3-N浓度在1 500 mg/L以上时,停留时间为24 h,曝气时间达到12 h,去除率可以达到70%左右;NH3-N浓度为500 mg/L时,曝气8 h,可达到80%的去除效果;SBR反应器对TP的去除率在10%～40%之间。当进水为吹脱稀释原水,COD浓度在1 000～1 500 mg/L,保持DO值在2～3 mg/L,反应周期8 h,能够达到SBR反应器的最佳运行工况,COD去除率可达80%。