Pigments, size and distribution of Synechococcus spp. in the Black Sea

Pigments, size and distribution of Phycoerythrin-containing unicellular cyanobacteria Synechococcus spp. within the euphotic zone were studied for the first time in April–May 1994 in the western and southwestern Black Sea by epifluorescence microscopy and flow-cytometry. Synechococcus was present in varying quantities at every station and depth studied. Surface spatial distribution of Synechococcus revealed that cells were much more abundant in offshore waters than near coastal regions under the direct influence of the Danube river. Minimum and maximum cell concentrations ranged between 9×10² and 1.45×10⁵ cells/ml at the surface, between 2×10³ and 1.23×10⁵ cells/ml at the chlorophyll sub-maximum layer, and between 1.3×10² and 3.5×10² at the nitrite maximum layer. Cells at the chlorophyll sub-maximum layer (based on in-situ fluorometer readings) fluoresce brighter and longer than the ones at the surface and lower depths. Spectral properties of chromophore pigment types of total 64 clonal isolates from different depths down to the lower layer of the euphotic zone (60 m) in the southern Black Sea coast revealed that all have type 2 phycoerythrobilin in common, lacking in phycourobilin. In vivo fluorescence emission maxima for the phycoerythrobilin were about the same (578 nm) for all isolates. All isolates examined showed in vivo absorption maxima at between 435 and 442 nm and at about 681 nm due to chlorophyll-a. Based on the flow cytometer mean forward light scatter data for size distribution, it could be concluded that cells at the surface mixed layer (0–10 m) were larger in cell size than the cells at lower depths (20–60 m).     

环渤海地区LNG码头布局关键问题和选址研究

通过系统分析环渤海地区天然气运输及储备体系发展和建设特点,提出该区域LNG码头布局关键问题。首次提出环渤海地区LNG码头布局应将冬季4个月需求指标作为码头能力供给的主要依据,并提出区域LNG泊位布局规模等指标。在此基础上,围绕“十四五”期环渤海地区天然气供应迫切需要,提出区域LNG码头布局和选址思路,结合港址条件推荐重点发展的港址。     

乘用车制动盘黑色印记问题研究

车辆在行驶一段里程之后,会在车辆制动盘表面形成一圈可变的黑色印记。随着里程的变化,黑色印记位置和宽度会发生随机变化。该黑色印记用手触摸无明显触感,仅仅是不美观,但会给用户造成不安感,认为制动系统存在问题。针对该现象,进行了大量的台架和整车试验分析,结果表明制动盘的机加工工艺和制动衬块的材料是引起问题的主要原因。通过更改制动盘机加工工艺及制动衬块材料,可以解决制动盘黑色印记问题。     

A novel dynamic segmentation model for identification and prioritization of black spots based on the pattern of potential for safety improvement

Road segmentation is one of the most important steps in identification of high accident-proneness segments of a road. Based on the ratio of the Potential to Safety Improvement (PSI) along the road, the objective of the paper is to propose a novel dynamic road segmentation model. According to the fundamental model assumption, the determined segments must have the same pattern of PSI. Experimental results obtained from implementation of the proposed method took four Performance Measures (PMs) into consideration; namely, Crash Frequency, Crash Rate, Equivalent Property Damage Only, and Expected Average Crash Frequency with Empirical Bayes adjustment into the accident data obtained from Highway 37 located between two cities in Iran. Results indicated the low sensitivity of the method to PMs. In comparison with the real high accident-proneness segments, identified High Crash Road Segments (HCRS) obtained from the model, demonstrated the potential of the method to recognize the position and length of high accident-proneness segments accurately. Based on the road repair and maintenance costs limitation index for safety improvement, in an attempt to compare the proposed method of road segmentation with conventional ones, results demonstrated the efficient performance of the proposed method. So as to identify 20 percent HCRS located on a read, the proposed method showed an improvement of 38 and 57 percent in comparison with the best and worst outcomes derived from conventional road segmentation methods.     

耙吸式挖泥船“一人疏浚”技术介绍

目前的耙吸式挖泥船,一般均为疏浚作业控制与船舶驾驶分离,需要分开操作,使用十分不便。为此提出"一人疏浚"这项新技术。"一人疏浚"技术又称"一人浚驾"或"浚驾合一"技术,是一套高度智能化集成的疏浚控制系统,极大地简化了疏浚作业操作程序,使船舶驾驶人员能通过安装在驾控台上的按钮,在保证安全航行的同时进行疏浚作业。文章从系统构成、功能描述、主要控制器功能介绍等方面,对"一人疏浚"技术进行了介绍。     

Should traffic-related air pollution and noise be considered when designing urban bicycle networks?

This study was motivated by an interest in capturing the factors affecting the exposure of cyclists to ambient Ultrafine Particles (UFP), Black Carbon (BC), and noise (LA_eq) across the entire bicycle network of the City of Toronto. Measurements were conducted along 270 km of unique roads, and we developed land use regression models and exposure surfaces. Median UFP, BC and noise levels recorded were 19,848 part/cm³, 1224 ng/m³, and 72.9 dB respectively. The average UFP and BC exposures along the biking routes (18,900 part/cm³ and 1130 ng/m³) were higher than the average levels measured at a fixed station located in downtown Toronto (13,300 part/cm³ and 809 ng/m³). The highest UFP and BC levels were experienced on dedicated bicycle tracks (30,000 part/cm³ and 1600 ng/m³ as median concentrations), while the highest noise levels occurred on major roads (median of 74 dB). In contrast, median levels on trails were 13,200 part/cm³, 535 ng/m³ and 70.2 dB, for UFP, BC, and noise. The exposure surfaces developed for the air pollutants and noise were intersected with the planned extensions to the bicycle network in the City of Toronto to evaluate the distributions of exposures expected across the future cycling network. We observe that the mean and median UFP, BC, and noise levels across planned facilities are equal to or significantly higher than the levels across the current network.     

Coherent approach for modeling and nowcasting hourly near-road Black Carbon concentrations in Seattle,Washington

With a growing awareness of the importance of near-road air pollution and an increasing population of near-road pedestrians, it is imperative to “nowcast” near-road air quality conditions to the general public. This necessitates the building hourly predictive models that are both accurate and easy to use. This study demonstrates an approach to model the hourly near-road Black Carbon (BC) concentrations given on-road traffic information and current meteorological conditions using datasets from two urban sites in Seattle, Washington. The optimal set of prediction variables is determined with a Bayesian Model Averaging (BMA) method and three different model structures are further developed and compared by goodness-of-fit. An innovative approach is proposed to translate wind direction from numerical values to categorical variables with statistical significance. By modeling the autocorrelation within the BC time series using an AR(1) component, the model achieves a satisfactory prediction accuracy. The conditional heteroscedasticity and heavy-tailed distribution of the model residuals are successfully identified and modeled by the General Auto Regressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity (GARCH) model, which provides valuable insights to the interpretation of prediction results. The methodological procedure demonstrated in selecting and fine-tuning the model is computationally efficient and valuable for further implementation onto online platforms for near-road BC nowcasting. A comparison between the two sites also reveals the effectiveness of local freight regulation for mitigating the environmental impacts from a heavy truck fleet.     

Seasonal variability of the Black Sea chlorophyll-a concentration

The optimal spectral decomposition (OSD) method is used to reconstruct seasonal variability of the Black Sea horizontally averaged chlorophyll-a concentration from data collected during the NATO SfP-971818 Black Sea Project in 1980–1995. During the reconstruction, quality control is conducted to reduce errors caused by measurement accuracy, sampling strategy, and irregular data distribution in space and time. A bi-modal structure with winter/spring (February–March) and fall (September–October) blooms is uniquely detected and accurately documented. The chlorophyll-a enriched zone rises to 15 m depth in winter and June, and deepens to 40 m in April and 35 m in August. The June rise of the chlorophyll-a enriched zone is accompanying by near-continuous reduction of upper layer maximum chlorophyll-a concentration.     

“海洋石油113”号FPSO永久复产水系统扩容改造

随着渤中25-1/S油田及周边渤中19-4油田的开发,“海洋石油113”号FPSO上部组块水系统已无法满足目前的生产需求。此次借油田复产之际进行系统扩容改造,在大幅提升FPSO水系统的生产处理能力的同时也增加了注水外输能力,为整个区块油田进一步提高产量发挥重要作用。文中简要阐述了“海洋石油113”号FPSO上部组块水系统的扩容改造,并提出需注意的问题,从而为后期类似项目的建设改造提供借鉴。