黄芪预处理对大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用及其机制

目的 探讨黄芪对大鼠缺血再灌注心肌的保护作用及其机制.方法 采用结扎左冠状动脉的方法制备心肌缺血再灌注损伤动物模型.SD大鼠30只随机分为3组:对照组、缺血再灌注组(I/R)和黄芪预处理组(H+I/R).光镜和透射电镜下观察心肌病理变化,检测血清肌酸激酶(CK)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和丙二醛(MDA)含量,以及心肌组织Na~+K~+-ATP酶(Na~+K~+-ATPase)、Ca~(2+)-ATP酶(Ca~(2+)-ATPase)活性.结果 ①黄芪预处理组光镜和透射电镜下心肌细胞变性坏死程度及心肌细胞超微结构形态改变较缺血再灌注组显著减轻;②黄芪预处理组大鼠血清中CK、LDH活性和MDA含量显著降低(P<0.05),SOD、Na+ K+-ATPase、Ca~(2+)-ATPase活性显著提高(P<0.05).结论 黄芪对大鼠冠状动脉结扎后再灌注心肌损伤具有明显的保护作用,其机制可能与改善心肌缺血再灌注冠状微循环与抗氧自由基生成、减轻钙超载等多种机制有关.     

Effects of systemic domestic recombinant human erythropoietin on HIF-1α expression in the retina in a rabbit model of acute high intraocular pressure

Objective To observe the expression of hypoxia inducible faetor-1α (HIF-1α) in the retina of rabbits with acute high intraocular pressure and to investigate the mechanism of systemic domestic recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO) protecting the retina from ischemia-reperfusion injury. Methods First, control group and model group were established in rabbit eyes. The acute high intraocular pressure model was established by saline perfusion into anterior chamber, and then hypodermic injection of domestic rhEPO was made. HIF-1α protein in the retina was observed by immunohistochemical staining method on days 1, 3, 7 and 14 after retinal ischemla-reperfusion, respectively. Results No cells with HIF-la positive expression were observed in the retina of the control group. Ceils with HIF-1α positive expression in the model group outnumbered those in the control group (P < 0. 01). The resemblance pattern occurred in EPO group but its degree was slightly greater than that in the model group from day 3 after ischemia-reperfusion (P<0.05). Conclusion Domestic rhEPO can down-regulate the expression of HIF-1α in the retina with acute high intraocular pressure, which may be one of the mechanisms that rhEPO protects the retina from ischemia-reperfusion injury.     

基于挠度差值影响线曲率的简支梁桥损伤识别

推导简支梁某一点的挠度随移动荷载位置变化的函数,在理论上证明利用挠度差值影响线进行结构损伤识别的可行性.提出利用损伤前、后某一点的挠度差值影响线曲率来识别损伤的方法,即当移动荷载位于无损区域时,挠度差值影响线曲率为0,当移动荷载位于有损区域时,挠度差值影响线曲率明显增大,且与损伤点的位置、损伤前后的刚度有关.为验证该方法的正确性,采用一个单跨简支梁算例进行有限元模拟,算例表明该方法不但适用于单处损伤的情况,而且适用于多处损伤情况,且对结构的损伤位置和损伤程度都具有准确的识别能力.     

小波变换与SVD方法在结构损伤监测中的应用

将小波变换与奇异值分解(SVD)相结合,利用基于小波变换的能量分布函数,进行小波系数矩阵的奇异值分解,使结构损伤突变信号的奇异点放大,提高信号的分辨率和信噪比.根据信号突变时刻小波系数出现模极大值及其在不同尺度上的传播特性,可有效地检测出信号的奇异性特征,从而对结构损伤特征信号进行时域定位.通过对一试验简支梁损伤前后加速度信号的奇异性进行对比分析,验证了该方法的有效性和可行性.     

干湿循环-硫酸盐侵蚀下混凝土损伤机理的分析

结合扩散-反应方程,重点分析了干湿循环-硫酸盐侵蚀作用混凝土的侵蚀机理.研究认为干湿循环改变了硫酸盐介质在混凝土中的迁移方式和侵蚀过程,加剧了混凝土性能的劣化.通过对研究成果的总结与分析,指出了几种主要因素,如硫酸盐种类及浓度、矿物掺合料、混凝土强度等级等,对侵蚀后混凝土性能的影响规律.     

强夯作用下黄土结构损伤破坏研究

运用损伤力学的观点,对强夯作用下湿陷性黄土的土体损伤破坏进行了研究,将土的损伤区域划分为强损伤带、损伤带和弱（微）损伤带,这一结论与加固模式下的加固区域对应吻合,对于强夯加固分析和评价具有实用价值。     

损伤位置对梁振动模态影响的数值研究

梁结构的损伤与其刚度有直接关系.因此模态分析方法可应用于桥梁损伤检测中.通过论述模态分析技术的理论基础,并对标准简支损伤梁振型的数值研究,可揭示出不同损伤位置对梁振动模态的影响,从而提出一种桥梁损伤诊断的新思路.     

Simplified model for evaluation of VIV-induced fatigue damage of deepwater marine risers

A simplified empirical model for fatigue analysis of deepwater marine risers due to vortex-induced vibration (VIV) in non-uniform current is presented. A simplified modal vibration equation is employed according to the characteristics of deepwater top tensioned risers. The response amplitude of each mode is determined by a balance between the energy feeding into the riser over the lock-in regions and the energy dissipated by the fluid damping over the remainder based on the data from self-excited oscillation and forced oscillation experiments of rigid cylinders. Multi-modal VIV fatigue loading is obtained by the square root of the sum of squares approach.Compared with previous works, this model can take fully account of the main intrinsic natures of VIV for low mass ratio structures on lock-in regions, added mass and nonlinear fluid damping. In addition, a closed form solution of fatigue damage is presented for the case of a riser with uniform mass and cross-section oscillating in a uniform flow. Fatigue analysis of a typical deepwater riser operating in Gulf of Mexico and West Africa shows that the current velocity profiles affect the riser's fatigue life significantly and the most dangerous locations of the riser are also pointed out.     

带表面裂纹连续梁损伤识别的曲率模态小波分析

以带横向非对称非贯通表面裂纹的连续梁为研究对象,利用小波奇异性检测原理,提出了带表面裂纹连续梁损伤识别小波分析方法.以带表面裂纹连续梁三维有限元分析求解梁的位移模态为基础,利用中心差分法得到梁的曲率模态,再用sym4小波对曲率模态进行连续小波变换,根据小波系数模极大值识别损伤位置,以一个三跨连续梁内两处半椭圆形表面裂纹的损伤识别为例,通过数值计算分析,验证了方法的有效性.同时,计算结果表明,运用曲率模态小波变换识别连续梁损伤比基本振型的小波变换方法更为准确、有效.该研究对带表面裂纹结构的损伤诊断应用具有参考价值.     

损伤位置对梁振动模态影响的数值研究

梁结构的损伤与其刚度有直接关系,因此模态分析方法可应用于桥梁损伤检测中。通过论述模态分析技术的理论基础,并对标准简支损伤梁振型的数值研究,可揭示出不同损伤位置对梁振动模态的影响,从而提出一种桥梁损伤诊断的新思路。