船舶瞭望浅析

本文通过对船舶瞭望的目的、瞭望的人员、瞭望的责任、瞭望的对象、瞭望的时间及瞭望的手段进行全面分析和介绍，从而加深对船舶瞭望的认识，减少海上交通事故的发生。     

地铁噪声对工人听觉影响的调查研究

地铁运营20余年来从未系统对工人听力进仃过调查,为此,我们在地铁公司卫生科及各段卫生所各级领导的支持下于1989年下半年分别对北京地铁两个车辆段部分司机和客运段部分站务员进行了听力测试,为保护地铁工人身体健康将起到积极作用。     

基于内容的自适应音频水印研究综述

按照时域、变换域2种常见的水印嵌入域,对音频水印技术进行了概述;针对第2代数字水印技术,重点介绍了基于内容的音频水印算法、自适应音频水印算法以及音频水印的同步技术,对它们的优缺点进行了评析．这些算法更强调将水印信息嵌入到音频信号的重要特征上,并与各音频段的自身特点相结合,具有鲁棒性强、不可听性好和较实用等优点,是新一代水印技术发展的趋势．最后,探讨了目前音频水印领域需要解决的问题及进一步研究的方向,这些问题的解决将对网络化音乐制品的知识产权保护与安全传播提供理论和技术支持．     

豚鼠脑干听觉中枢生长抑素免疫反应产物的分布

目的 研究生长抑素(SS)在豚鼠脑干听觉中枢的分布及意义。方法 采用免疫组化ABC法观察了豚鼠脑干听觉中枢的耳蜗核(CN)、上橄榄核簇(SOC)及下丘(IC)内SS免疫反应阳性产物的分布。结果 在脑干听觉中枢广泛分布着SS阳性神经元、纤维及终末。SS阳性神经元主要分布在蜗神经腹核(VCN)、斜方体核(NTB)、内侧上橄榄核(MSO)及橄榄周核(PON),而SS阳性纤维及终末主要分布在下丘、外侧上橄榄核(LSO)及蜗神经背核(DCN)。结论 脑干听觉中枢内的SS参与声信号的传递与调控。     

听觉谱特征在水下目标回声识别中的应用

水下目标回声特征提取是主动目标识别的关键内容。本文提出将语音识别领域中较为成熟的RASTAPLP听觉模型应用于水中目标回波的特征提取,并根据信号的特点对RASTA-PLP模型进行修正。对比应用PLP方法进行的水中目标单频回波识别实验,结果表明:当加入卷积噪声后,修正的RASTA-PLP特征表现出更加良好的鲁棒性能,在同等测试条件下识别率比PLP听觉模型特征高约3%,显示了本方法在实现目标回声自动识别上的重要应用前景。     

音乐欣赏教学如何关注音乐

音乐作为一种非语义性的艺术，是以音响形式来引起人的情感共鸣，达到其审美作用的。因此，音乐欣赏教学应重在“动之以情”，充分调动学生的参与意识，养成倾听音乐的习惯，调动学生的听觉思维，从而达到让学生体会音乐情绪，领悟乐曲意境、判断音乐风格、辨识音乐体载及理解时代背景及音乐作品的内容与意义的更高目标。     

HAIR CELL-LIKE CELL GENERATION INDUCED BY NATURE CULTURE OF ADULT RAT AUDITORY EPITHELIUM

Objective To establish adult rat auditory epithelial cell culture and try to find precursor cells of auditory hair cells in vitro. Methods With refinement of culture media and techniques, cochlear sensory epithelial cells of adult rat were cultured. Immunocytochemistry and Bromodeoxyuridine （BrdU） labeling were used to detect properties and mitotic status of cultured cells. Results The cultured auditory epithelial cells showed a large, flat epithelial morphotype and expressed F-actin and cytokeratin, a subset of cells generated from auditory epithelium were labeled by calretinin, a specific marker of early hair cell. Conclusion Adult rat auditory epithelium can be induced to generate hair cell-like cells by nature culture, this phenomenon suggests that progenitor cells may exist in rat cochlea and they may give birth to new hair cells. Whether these progenitor cells are tissue specific stem cells is still need more study.     

Classification of underwater target echoes based on auditory perception characteristics

In underwater target detection, the bottom reverberation has some of the same properties as the target echo, which has a great impact on the performance. It is essential to study the difference between target echo and reverberation. In this paper, based on the unique advantage of human listening ability on objects distinction, the Gammatone filter is taken as the auditory model. In addition, time-frequency perception features and auditory spectral features are extracted for active sonar target echo and bottom reverberation separation. The features of the experimental data have good concentration characteristics in the same class and have a large amount of differences between different classes, which shows that this method can effectively distinguish between the target echo and reverberation.     

浅议视觉和导航仪器在瞭望中的作用

笔者作为船长,一直对谨慎瞭望有内心最诚挚的感悟。在实践中体会到,在船舶导航仪器日趋现代化、可靠性极大改善的现代航海中,为了确保航海安全,船长、驾驶员应该了解各类辅助瞭望的导航仪器设备的优越性、局限性。船长、驾驶员应该养成以视觉和听觉为主,充分利用现代辅助瞭望的导航仪器的习惯。在任何时候都应使用视觉、听觉以及适合当时环境和情况的一切有效手段保持正规瞭望。