试议从设计的源头把握船舶设计

本文介绍如何从船舶设计的源头把握船舶设计，使船舶设计从设计的一开始便走上正确的道路，从而为有条不紊、循序渐进地开展设计打下坚实的基础。     

Damping of Oblique Ocean Waves by a Vertical Porous Structure Placed on a Multi-step Bottom

Oblique ocean wave damping by a vertical porous structure placed on a multi-step bottom topography is studied with the help of linear water wave theory. Some portion of the oblique wave, incident on the porous structure, gets reflected by the multi-step bottom and the porous structure, and the rest propagates into the water medium following the porous structure. Two cases are considered： first a solid vertical wall placed at a finite distance from the porous structure in the water medium following the porous structure and then a special case of an unbounded water medium following the porous structure. In both cases, boundary value problems are set up in three different media, the first medium being water, the second medium being the porous structure consisting ofp vertical regions-one above each step and the third medium being water again. By using the matching conditions along the virtualvertical boundaries, a system of linear equations is deduced. The behavior of the reflection coefficient and the dimensionless amplitude of the transmitted progressive wave due to different relevant parameters are studied. Energy loss due to the propagation of oblique water wave through the porous structure is also carried out. The effects of various parameters, such as number of evanescent modes, porosity, friction factor, structure width, number of steps and angle of incidence, on the reflection coefficient and the dimensionless amplitude of the transmitted wave are studied graphically for both cases. Number of evanescent modes merely affects the scattering phenomenon. But higher values of porosity show relatively lower reflection than that for lower porosity. Oscillation in the reflection coefficient is observed for lower values of friction factor but it disappears with an increase in the value of friction factor. Amplitude of the transmitted progressive wave is independent of the porosity of the structure. But lower value of friction factor causes higher transmission. The investigation is then carried out for the second ca     

奥迪A6在颠簸路面行驶时底部有异响

故障现象：一辆奥迪A6轿车,行驶里程200002km,车主报修该车行驶到颠簸路面时车身底部有异响。     

底部加油油罐车管路结构探讨

底部加油油罐车在国内尚处于推广实施阶段,用户反映因附件密封不严或老化而产生油品的渗漏现象。而目前国内的底部加油油罐车管路结构主要有配置车载油泵和不配置车载油泵两种,根据实践经验,采用增加一个直通球阀或三通球阀的结构,可以有效防止油品渗漏。     

热量管理和车身底部系统

如今的隔热板被运用于车身底部整个排气系统区域。绝大部分隔热板具有多功能的特性。它们满足车辆对于空气动力学和声学的需要。同时起到机械保护作用。有些隔热板还被集成到塑料零部件中,将来还会融入车身底部的整体设计。得到更广泛的运用。     

两层底框结构第二层侧移刚度的计算方法

介绍了底部两层框架－抗震墙砖房第二层侧移刚度的三种不同的计算方法，并结合工程实例对各种计算方法进行对比分析，提出了各种计算方法的可行性建议。     

非均匀收敛随机介质模型对浅埋隧道施工引起地表沉降预测研究

针对软弱土层中的浅埋大跨隧道在施工过程中出现的初支变形、断面底部隆起等现象,通过对原有的断面收敛模式进行修正,提出考虑初支变形与断面底部收敛的统一收敛模式,并以单洞及双洞椭圆隧道为例,推导出该种收敛模式下隧道施工中产生地表沉降的随机介质法预测公式,应用遗传-蚁群混合算法(GA-ACA)解决该预测模型的参数反演计算问题。为验证该模型对浅埋隧道地表变形预测的准确性,以乌鲁木齐地铁1号线三—新区间某典型断面为例,分别使用均匀收敛、底部为0、底部非0以及统一收敛模式等4种收敛模式进行参数反演,并将反演结果与现场监测结果做对比,研究结果表明:统一收敛模式与隧道断面实际变形规律更加吻合,其预测精度要比不考虑初支变形与断面底部收敛时的预测精度更高,即对浅埋、超浅埋隧道而言,初支变形以及底部隆起等现象对地表变形预测结果产生的影响不可忽略。     

Atline测量技术在白车身生产线上的应用

上汽大众MEB工厂车身车间使用了车身在线绝对测量系统,这是大众集团在全球首次采用此:方案。该方案将测量工位串联在白车身生产线中,可直接在生产线上随机抽取车辆进行检测,并达到了与测量室三坐标一样的测量效果,可更加快速高效地监控白车身的尺寸质量问题。文章指出,该方案的成功实施可节省每班次5个人工岗位,以及在测量室减少1台离线三坐标测量机。同时,在项目实施过程中,对于Atline工位的功能进行了拓展与开发,实现了焊点位置度的自动检测和夹具精度的标定。     

铁路隧道衬砌品质提升信息化施工关键技术与成套装备创新

为提升铁路隧道拱墙衬砌、底部衬砌、水沟电缆槽衬砌结构实体品质，解决隧道整体衬砌质量缺陷难题，采用拱墙衬砌智能化模筑、底部衬砌一体化浇筑、水沟电缆槽同步一次性浇筑施工技术，结合混凝土自动喷雾养护施工工艺，有效减少或消除衬砌空洞、裂缝、不密实、渗漏水、止水带偏位、施工缝压溃、开裂掉块等质量缺陷问题； 通过成套装备研发，创新施工缝质量控制技术、拱顶浇筑饱满度控制技术、拱墙衬砌预防空洞施工技术、仰拱与边模一体化施工技术、水沟电缆槽机械化施工技术、喷雾养护温度及湿度自动化控制技术，提高铁路隧道衬砌混凝土浇筑、振捣、养护等工序施工工艺质量及施工标准，辅以信息化手段和自动监测技术，达到衬砌全过程质量可控。结果表明： 该施工技术与成套装备创新一定程度上可实现衬砌施工自动化、信息化和智能化，极大地提高衬砌施工技术水平，降低工人劳动强度，有效减少衬砌质量缺陷，提升衬砌施工品质，确保隧道衬砌满足设计及运营安全要求。