基于扩展有限元的钢-STC组合桥面开裂性能研究

采用H型钢-超高韧性混凝土(STC)板的组合结构形式可有效改善传统正交异性钢桥面-超高韧性混凝土组合桥面结构中存在的结构疲劳开裂问题。为了研究不同结构参数对H型钢-STC组合桥面结构开裂性能的影响规律,基于ABAQUS以及扩展有限元方法(XFEM)建立了考虑裂纹扩展的组合梁有限元模型,对不同桥面板厚度、配筋率条件下开裂性能以及延性的变化规律开展了有限元模拟研究。研究结果表明,与采用普通混凝土(C50)相比,不同混凝土板厚度条件下,采用STC对开裂强度与延性的提升效果最大分别为175.0%与446.3%,而不同配筋率条件下的提升效果最大可达205.1%与1 330.3%。为H型钢-STC组合桥面结构在实际桥梁工程中的应用提供相应的技术支撑与建议。     

基于ISM和AHP的高原长大隧道施工塌方风险分析

塌方对隧道工程的施工进展极其不利,因此进行塌方事故预防非常重要。对高原长大隧道的施工塌方风险因素进行分析,通过解释结构模型(Interpretive Structure Mode, ISM)判定层次结构模型中同层元素相对重要程度的大小关系;通过层次分析法(Analytic Hierarchy Process, AHP)得出各个影响因素的权重指标,给出影响因素的重要度排序。结果表明：在高原长大隧道施工塌方风险因素中,环境因素重要程度最高,隶属于该指标层的降雨、低温情况对目标层的作用最明显。所建立的层次分析结构模型可以为实际风险分析提供参考。     

高强无收缩地聚物的研制与性能研究

当今碱激发工业固废制备的地聚物胶凝材料是最具潜力替代普通硅酸盐水泥的绿色胶凝材料之一。筛选粉煤灰、矿渣和偏高岭土为前驱体,NaOH-水玻璃的混合液体为碱激发剂,高分子吸水性树脂(polymer absorbent resin, SAP)与复合膨胀剂为补偿收缩材料,制备了一种力学性能优异且体积无收缩的地聚物,并通过扫描电子显微镜(Scanning Electron Microscope, SEM)和X-射线衍射(X-Ray Diffraction, XRD)等手段进行微观分析。结果表明,当水固比为0.32、碱含量为12%、水玻璃模数为1.3及复合型膨胀剂掺量为6%时,所制备的地聚物力学性能最好,具备高早期强度的功能;硬化24 h后体积无收缩,膨胀率为0.02%;此时地聚物浆体流动性较大,无泌水现象,结石率高。究其原因在于水化产物中网络状的N-A-S-H凝胶与C-A-S-H凝胶以及少量CaCO₃晶体相互交织,形成致密的结构提高了体系的力学性能,而膨胀剂生成的针棒状AFt和少量Ca(OH)₂晶体补偿收缩的同时,也具有增强功能。本工作可为绿色新型建筑...     

SMA沥青混凝土路面的施工工艺

SMA是混凝土施工中的一种新型混合料,这种新型混合料相对于传统的混合料具有极大的优势,可以提高沥青混凝土路的路面性能,在交通道路建设中起着重要作用.鉴于此,结合实践经验,详细分析了SMA沥青混凝土路面的施工工艺,包括准备原材料、混合料配合比设计、沥青混合料生产、混合料运输、摊铺、碾压、接缝处理、养生等环节,可供相关工程项目参考与借鉴.     

公路滑坡滑动面野外判别方法探讨

以浙江省丽水市某公路土质滑坡为例,通过对目前常用的地质调查、钻探、动探、物探、地下水动态监测和深层位移监测等野外判别方法的总结,阐述了不同判别方法的适用性和局限性。滑动面的判别是滑坡勘察、监测和防治设计等工作的重要基础。     

高粘复合改性SMA-13沥青混合料优化设计研究

高粘复合改性SMA—13沥青混合料有着高温稳定性、水稳定性、低温抗裂性以及耐久性较好的特点,是一种很有发展前景的路面材料,但其在配合比设计方面仍没有一种通用的设计方法。着眼于高粘复合改性SMA—13沥青混合料的特点,对混合料配合比优化设计进行了研究:确定了混合料组成结构类型为骨架嵌挤型结构;在SBS改性沥青中加入HVA高粘改性剂制备得到复合改性沥青,并比较其性能表现;进行配合比设计,确定了矿质集料级配类型为间断级配,并对几种级配类型进行比选,得出了最优选择;通过马歇尔试验得到了其最佳油石比,以及目标配合比设计结果。研究结果可为高粘复合改性SMA—13沥青混合料的应用提供借鉴。     

美国波特兰WES通勤铁路对我国市域(郊)铁路发展的启示

波特兰位于美国西部,是俄勒冈州人口最多的城市,有着全美最完善的公共交通设施的美誉。波特兰WES通勤铁路是波特兰大都市区Beaverton和Wilsonville之间既有铁路改建而成,是城市公共交通重要组成部分,于2009年开通运营。通过对波特兰通勤铁路的建设、运营等方面的实地调研成果,并结合国内外其他城市既有经验,根据我国国情,对市域(郊)铁路的规划、建设、运营提出建设性意见,为我国市域(郊)铁路发展提供一定参考。     

Investigation on the formation mechanism of ordered carbide (FeMn)<Subscript>3</Subscript>AlC in the Al added twinning-induced plasticity steels

The spinodal composition zone in Al added Fe-Mn-Al-C twinning-induced plasticity（TWIP） steels can be determined by contents of Al and C and aging temperature together, based on the thermodynamic analysis. Precipitation of ordered（FeMn）₃AlC carbide by the mechanism of spinodal decomposition occurs in the C-rich and Al-rich zone with low aging temperature. Increase of aging temperature shrinks spinodal composition zone to the high Al and C contents. As a result, the precipitation of（FeMn）₃AlC carbide alters from spinodal decomposition to classical nucleation-growth manner gradually. Further calculation indicates that the diffusion of Al can play a key role in determining the growth rate of（FeMn）₃AlC carbide at high aging temperature.     

A hybrid firefly algorithm for optimizing fractional proportional-integral-derivative controller in ship steering

In this paper, a new algorithm which integrates the powerful firefly algorithm(FA) and the ant colony optimization(ACO) has been used in tracking control of ship steering for optimization of fractional-order proportional-integral-derivative(FOPID) controller gains. Particle swarm optimization(PSO) algorithm is also used to optimize FOPID controllers, and their performances are compared. It is found that FA optimized FOPID controller gives better performance than others. Sensitivity analysis has been carried out to see the robustness of optimum FOPID gains obtained at nominal conditions to wide changes in system parameters, and the optimum FOPID gains need not be reset for wide changes in system parameters.     

Human reliability analysis method on armored vehicle system considering error correction

Human reliability analysis(HRA) is an expansion of man-machine engineering. It is also a new multidisciplinary based on behavioral science, cognitive science, information processing, system analysis and probability statistics in order to analyze, predict, reduce and prevent human errors. Firstly, the quantitative analysis model of HRA is proposed based on Markov process theory by using human error probability(HEP) and error correction cycle(ECC) as parameters. And human reliability evaluation criterion is built. Then, the HRA process considering error correction is proposed based on cognitive reliability and error analysis method(CREAM). Finally, according to the characteristics of armored vehicle system, common performance condition(CPC) in CREAM is improved.A reliability impact index is characterized by the overall contexts of tasks. Human reliability evaluation criterion of armored vehicle system is formulated. And the result of HRA is obtained based on the method presented in this paper. In addition, the relative weights are estimated by combining scale of 10/10—18/2 and analytical hierarchy process(AHP), and the triangular fuzzy number considering confidence factor and optimism index is adopted in order to reduce the subjectivity. The analysis results show that the method presented in this paper is reasonable and feasible. Meantime, the method can provide guidance for human reliability analysis of other weapon systems.