如何挑选优质的空气滤芯

空气滤芯分两种形式,一种是滤纸滤芯,另一种是滤棉滤芯。滤纸滤芯是用滤纸折叠加工而成,属于一次性用品,当它表面的灰尘污垢未超过总面积的50%时,可用压缩空气将其吹干净;当它表面的灰尘污垢超过总面积的50%时,就必须将其更换掉。滤棉滤芯是由特种海绵制成的,在清理时,我们可把海     

化学镀及其在汽车工业中的应用

化学镀是一种优良的金属材料表面强化工艺。本文介绍了化学镀的性能及影响因素，其均镀能力、高硬度、耐磨和耐蚀的特点，使它在汽车工业中得到广泛的应用，能够有效提高零件的质量和使用寿命，降低生产维修成本。     

浅析表面桨垂向力对滑行艇水动力性能的影响

由于表面桨交替工作于水和空气两种不同的流体介质中会产生很大的垂向力，因而会对滑行艇的水动力性能带来不可忽视的影响。定性来讲，表面桨垂向力会使艇的阻力增加而纵向稳定性提高，但受试验条件的限制，模型试验无法模拟这种垂向力作用。从设计实践的角度分析了表面桨垂向力产生的原因，并指出了可将其影响换算成艇的重心前移来衡量滑行艇阻力及纵向稳定性的变化，为预报采用表面桨推进装置的滑行艇的水动力性能提供了一种实用的方法。该方法的局限性在于，精确计算垂向力大小需依赖表面桨垂向力图谱，而通常情况下，成系列的图谱作为技术机密是不易获得的，只能通过手头有限的资料或经验进行近似估算，但在缺乏模型试验验证手段的情况下，该方法对快艇设计者还是具有很强的指导意义的。     

表面处理对高强度紧固件机械性能的影响探讨

采用表面处理的方法不合适或操作不符合工艺参数要求,直接影响到紧固件的机械性能,绝非局限于表面抗腐性能或外观     

浅析桥梁防腐涂装方法和施工质量控制

该文分析了桥梁的腐蚀环境和腐蚀特点,通过对海口市和平桥防腐涂装技术研究和应用,提出一些合理的混凝土和钢结构桥梁防腐涂装的方法,并对涂装体系的施工工艺和质量检测控制进行了探讨。     

Fundamental formulation for frictional contact with graded materials

In the paper, we develop the fundamental solutions for a graded half-plane subjected to concentrated forces acting perpendicularly and parallel to the surface. In the solutions, Young's modulus is assumed to vary in the form of E(y) = E0e(ay) and Poisson's ratio is assumed to be constant. On the basis of the fundamental solutions, the singular integral equations are formulated for the unknown traction distributions with Green's function method. From the fundamental integral equations, a series of integral equations for special cases may be deduced corresponding to practical contact situations. The validity of the fundamental solutions and the integral equations is demonstrated with the degenerate solutions and two typical numerical examples.     

空心车轴不同形状比裂纹应力强度因子的仿真研究

空心车轴在运用中可能会出现意外损伤而诱发表面裂纹。应力强度因子是预测裂纹扩展情况的重要参数。本文分析了空心车轴的运用载荷,根据所测载荷谱,采取有限元方法计算车轴横截面的应力分布情况。采用四分之一20节点等参退化奇异单元模拟裂纹前缘的应力奇异性,建立空心车轴表面裂纹扩展的有限元模型,并对裂纹前缘进行离散,实现正交扩展,得到不同步扩展的裂纹前缘。在此基础上对裂纹前缘不同位置的应力强度因子进行计算分析,得出不同初始形状裂纹前缘扩展中的应力强度因子分布规律。计算结果表明,具有不同初始形状的裂纹,随着裂纹的扩展,裂纹形状将趋于某一形状比范围内。与解析方法计算的结果比较,二者基本吻合。     

Ship appearance optimal design on RCS reduction using response surface method and genetic algorithms

Radar cross section (RCS) reduction technologies are very important in survivability of the militarynaval vessels. Ship appearance shaping as an effective countermeasure of RCS reduction redirects the scatteredenergy from one angular region of interest in space to another region of little interest. To decrease the scatteringelectromagnetic signals from ship scientifically, optimization methods should be introduced in shaping design.Based on the assumption of the characteristic section design method, mathematical formulations for optimalshaping design were established. Because of the computation-intensive analysis and singularity in shapingoptimization, the response surface method (RSM) combined genetic algorithm (GA) was proposed. The poly-nomial response surface method was adopted in model approximation. Then genetic algorithms were employedto solve the surrogate optimization problem. By comparison RCS of the conventional and the optimal design,the superiority and effectiveness of proposed design methodology were verified.Ky words: radar cross section (RCS); characteristic section design method; response surface method; genetic algorithm (GA) was proposed. The polynomial response surface method was adopted in model approximation. Then genetic algorithms were employed to solve the surrogate optimization problem. By comparison RCS of the conventional and the optimal design, the superiority and effectiveness of proposed design methodology were verified.