Dynamics and fishery of the Peruvian hake: Between nature and man

Mean length in the catch of Peruvian hake (Merluccius gayi peruanus) declined drastically by 8 cm in a few months in 1992. The 1991–93 El Niño event marked the beginning of changes in bottom environmental conditions, that along with other changes in the ecosystem, were the cause of the disappearance of large sized old hake from the traditional fishing grounds and the invasion of these areas by high concentrations of small sized young hake, traditionally distributed in the southern areas. A misinterpretation of this change gave an optimistic perception of the state of the stock, leading to a large increase of the fishing fleet and therefore to an increase of the fishing pressure on this resource. Catch increased quickly to very high levels in 1996, the fishery indicators of relative abundance remained stable, while global abundance of hake was diminishing. The resource responded to these natural variations of environment and to the intense fishing pressure with changes in some aspects of its biology and ecology. The most remarkable was the decrease of the length and age at first maturity that led to spawning by 1 year old (19 cm) individuals in a species whose observed longevity was 14 years.In 2002 a total and indefinite fishery closure was established by the Peruvian government and a technical commission for the hake recovery was created, which carried out continuous monitoring of the stock. After a closure of 20 months the indicators showed signs of recovery and the fishery was reopened in 2004. However, after an encouraging beginning during 2004 and the first quarter of 2005, neither abundance nor age structure had improved by the end of 2005, and in fact were deteriorating by the start of 2006. The survival of the age 2 and 3 groups was very low and few 4+ years old individuals were observed. Several factors working at different time scales have been proposed to explain the status of hake. The impact of the fishery, variations in the abiotic environment, predation by the jumbo squid (Dosidicus gigas) and cannibalism were considered as potential causal factors of this decline.     

船坞工程防渗及止水工艺介绍

本文介绍了船坞工程施工中防渗及止水工程的工艺及防渗止水效果分析。经采用多种不同的防渗、止水结构,保证了船坞有良好的防渗、止水效果。     

基于“1+X”证书制度的汽车类专业人才培养模式创新研究——以新能源汽车技术专业为例

文章主要是在“1+X”证书制度视角下,以新能源汽车技术专业为例,将“1+X”证书制度运用到汽车类专业人才培养模式中,更有效地提高汽车类专业人才培养质量。基于“1+X”证书的人才培养方案创新是在已有的教学模式基础上,深化教育教学改革,构建实训考核平台,加强教师队伍建设,并在实训过程中重视理论与实践的结合,将学生的理论知识运用到实践中,从而培养真正优秀的新能源汽车专业人才。     

未定式“1^∞”型的一个简便方法

本文对重要极限lim x→0（1＋x）1/x的另一种判别法进行论证,然后将此判别法运用到求解极限未定式＂1^∞＂型这类难度较大的题型中去,通过比较,论述,这种判别法给出的计算方法简便易行,从而解决了教学中的一大难点,具有较好的实用性。     

Study on driver model for hybrid truck based on driving simulator experimental results

In this paper, a proposed car-following driver model taking into account some features of both the compensatory and anticipatory model representing the human pedal operation has been verified by driving simulator experiments with several real drivers. The comparison between computer simulations performed by determined model parameters with the experimental results confirm the correctness of this mathematical driver model and identified model parameters. Then the driver model is joined to a hybrid vehicle dynamics model and the moderate car following maneuver simulations with various driver parameters are conducted to investigate influences of driver parameters on vehicle dynamics response and fuel economy. Finally, major driver parameters involved in the longitudinal control of drivers are clarified.     

螺纹联接防失效措施及其在HX_D1型机车上的应用

对机车螺纹联结失效原因进行分析,提出了防止螺纹联结失效的措施,并就这些措施在HXD1型机车上的应用作了介绍。     

海洋核动力平台1E级电缆设计概要

本文介绍了陆上核电站1E级电缆的应用和鉴定的基本要求,结合船用电缆的相关标准及海洋核动力平台的特点,简要分析了海洋核动力平台1E级电缆的技术要求要求及鉴定项目,对海洋核动力平台工程设计有一定的参考价值。     

CFG桩复合地基沉降的灰色预测

高速铁路CFG桩复合地基(路基)沉降是一个复杂的过程,采用MATLAB语言编写了基于XGM(1,1)模型预测地基沉降的程序,并将其应用于CFG复合地基沉降量的预测。通过对灰色预测XGM(1,1)模型在工程实例的应用和对比,证实XGM(1,1)模型运用到工程实际中是可行的。     

时程分析法在大蒲春河特大桥主桥抗震验算中的应用

采用时程分析法对大蒲春河特大桥进行抗震分析,对主桥控制部位E1概率和E2概率地震作用下的响应进行验算,并利用验算结果指导该桥的抗震设计.     

绥中36-1CEP至终端上岸管道总传热系数分析

首先分别用理论分析法和管道实际运行数据反算的方法计算出了绥中36-1CEP至终端上岸管道的总传热系数,对计算结果进行了比较和分析,建议采用管道实际运行数据反算确定总传热系数.然后,进一步计算分析了总传热系数对管道温降及起输压力的影响,结果表明总传热系数对管道的起输压力和终点温度影响很大,总传热系数越小,管道的终点温度越...