论高速铁路建设征地拆迁概算控制

在阐述高速铁路建设征地拆迁现状和存在主要问题的基础上,结合《铁路运输安全保护条例》和《铁路基本建设工程设计概(预)算编制办法》,论述铁路建设工程征地拆迁范围的界定、征地拆迁费用类别的界定,分析征地拆迁数量及标准发生变化超出设计调查的原因,提出工程前期、实施期间、后期3个阶段对征地拆迁费用进行有效控制的措施,并提出改进概预算编制办法的3条建议。     

北京地铁9号线通风空调系统节能示范

作为北京市城市轨道交通节能示范线,在北 京地铁 9 号线实际工程建设中,对通风空调系统运行 模式与自动控制优化、直接蒸发式空调系统、空气—水 通风空调系统以及集成冷冻站等多项节能技术进行探 索与示范应用。通过对这些技术的节能原理、应用方 案以及使用效果的分析与介绍,为今后相关工程的建 设提供技术借鉴与参考。     

Investigation of tailpipe and evaporative emissions from China IV and Tier 2 passenger vehicles with different gasolines

The limited understanding of vehicular emissions in China, especially evaporative emissions, is one obstacle to establishing tighter standards. To evaluate tailpipe and evaporative emissions, two typical China IV vehicles and one Tier 2 vehicle with an onboard refuelling vapour recovery (ORVR) system were selected and tested. One of the China IV vehicles was fuelled with gasoline, E10 and M15, respectively, to investigate the effect of fuel properties on vehicular emissions. For each vehicle, cold-start tailpipe emission tests were conducted first, followed by an evaporation test. Based on the emission factors and real-world vehicle activity data, the annual tailpipe and evaporative hydrocarbon (HC) emissions of each vehicle were calculated and compared. The results show that E10 and M15 significantly reduced the tailpipe CO and particle number (PN) emissions but seriously aggravated the NOx emissions, especially for M15. The hot soak losses (HSLs) and diurnal breathing losses (DBLs) were slightly impacted by the fuel properties. The annual evaporative emissions with E10 and M15 were higher than that with gasoline. The ORVR system effectively controlled the evaporative emissions, especially for DBLs. Evaporative emissions from the China IV vehicles were 1.1–1.4 times the tailpipe HC emissions. Additionally, the evaporative emission factors of the China IV vehicles were almost 50% lower than the standard (2.0 g/test), whereas their annual evaporative emissions were almost 1.8–2.8 times higher than those from the Tier 2 vehicle. Therefore, controlling evaporative emissions currently remains a great need in China, and the ORVR might be a recommended evaporative control technology.     

基于AR模型的并靠两船相对运动预报研究

根据两船相对运动的特点,利用两船模相对运动的测量数据,运用基于自回归模型的时间序列分析法,建立了两船相对运动的数学模型,并给出了运动姿态的预报值.通过本方法的研究,可以得到满意的相对运动预报精度,为两船补给波浪、补偿装置的开发打下了理论基础.     

Estimation of extreme significant wave heights and the associated uncertainties: A case study using NORA10 hindcast data for the Barents Sea

The reliability of an offshore structure is dependent on its response to the extreme wave climate; therefore, an adequate knowledge of the wave climate at a location is a prerequisite during design as well as in marine operations. This study aims to contribute to the knowledge of the extreme wave climate in the Norwegian Sector of the Barents Sea, using wave hindcast datasets from the Norwegian Reanalysis 10 km (NORA10) database for four locations.We have considered three commonly used methods for the estimation of extreme wave heights, that is, the initial distribution method, the peak over threshold method, and the annual maxima method. The parametric bootstrap concept is considered in the estimation of the epistemic uncertainty related to sample size. The estimated 100-year significant wave heights obtained from the three methods differ, and the degree of variability in the estimates varies, depending on the dataset. The epistemic uncertainty due to sample size is wider when considering the annual maxima method.The estimates obtained from the three methods show the importance of considering different methods and their associated uncertainties when estimating extreme wave values for design. While it is difficult to single out the best method among the three, the estimated values give knowledge of the possible range of the extreme significant wave heights at the locations. Generally, the datasets considered in this study suggest that the wave climate is less harsh further north compared to the southern region of the Barents Sea. The datasets do not suggest any temporal trends in the historical significant wave heights at any of the locations.     

自锚式斜拉-悬索协作体系桥静风响应分析

自锚式斜拉-悬索协作体系桥作为一种全新的结构体系,兼备了自锚式悬索桥和斜拉桥的许多优点,结构体系则更为复杂。结合400m主跨的金州海湾大桥这一实际工程方案,建立了有限元空间分析模型,分析了其在静风荷载作用下的非线性行为,总结了初始攻角、附加攻角等参数及是否考虑缆索系统承受风荷载等对体系的影响规律。     

大鼠弥漫性轴索损伤后大脑皮层rab10的表达及意义

目的研究大鼠弥漫性轴索损伤(diffuse axonal injury,DAI)后小G蛋白rab10在大脑皮层的表达变化规律,探讨DAI后rab10在神经修复中的作用及意义。方法采用头颅瞬间旋转损伤装置建立大鼠DAI模型,随机分为1d、3d、7d组及对照组。采用Gless嗜银染色和TUNEL染色分别观察DAI后神经轴索形态和凋亡变化;采用Western blot、免疫组化等方法检测大鼠大脑皮层rab10的分布及表达,并采用免疫荧光双标染色分析大脑皮层神经元内rab10的表达变化。结果嗜银染色显示DAI后1d神经轴索形态损伤最严重,3~7d时损伤逐渐减轻;TUNEL染色显示DAI后1d凋亡细胞数开始升高,3~7d时凋亡数量更高,呈迟发性改变。Western blot及免疫组化结果均提示DAI后1d大脑皮层rab10的表达显著增加,3d后稍降低,7d后明显降低,但仍高于正常(P<0.05);免疫荧光双标染色提示正常神经元内几乎不表达rab10,DAI后神经元内rab10表达在1~3d较高,7d时较前降低。结论大鼠DAI后大脑皮层rab10表达水平先增加,随后降低;神经元内rab10的表达变化可能与DAI后神经轴索修复有关。     

ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸对人胃腺癌细胞系AGS的作用

目的探讨ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸对人胃腺癌AGS细胞生长增殖的作用和可能的机制。方法以不同浓度梯度的DHA、EPA作用于体外培养的AGS细胞和人微血管内皮细胞HMEC-1,采用四甲基偶氮唑蓝(MTT)观察细胞增殖抑制率,使用流式细胞仪检测细胞周期变化,采用Western blot分析细胞线粒体呼吸链膜蛋白复合体Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅴ表达变化。结果 DHA和EPA对胃腺癌AGS细胞增殖具有明显抑制作用,该抑制作用呈现明显的剂量时间依赖效应的特点(P<0.05),在相同的浓度梯度下,DHA的抑制作用强于EPA(P<0.05)。倒置显微镜下DHA作用后观察到AGS细胞明显皱缩,细胞的贴壁能力明显减弱。流式细胞仪检测显示,DHA、EPA干预后AGS细胞的DNA合成前期(G0/G1期)细胞分布比例明显增加,DNA合成期(S期)细胞分布比例明显减少(P<0.05)。Western blot分析可见,DHA干预AGS细胞24h和48h后,与对照组比较,AGS线粒体呼吸链膜蛋白复合体Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅴ表达灰度值显著下降,而且随着作用时间延长,复合体表达灰度值下降愈明显(P<0.05)。DHA对人微血管内皮细胞的生长增殖、细胞形态和线粒体呼吸链膜蛋白复合体无明显影响(P>0.05)。结论ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸可选择性有效地抑制人胃腺癌AGS细胞的生长增殖。该作用可能是通过阻滞AGS细胞于G0/G1期和抑制AGS细胞能量代谢来实现的。     

弥漫性轴索损伤后CD4~+/CD8~+ T细胞比值、IL-6、IL-10水平变化及预后相关危险因素的Logistic回归分析

目的研究弥漫性轴索损伤(DAI)后患者外周血CD4+/CD8+T细胞比值及炎症因子IL-6、IL-10水平的变化,探讨影响DAI患者预后的相关危险因素及可能的预测因子。方法收集115例DAI患者的相关临床资料及伤后至少6个月的随访结果,并将采集的患者外周血采用流式细胞仪检测CD4+、CD8+T细胞及其比值,ELISA法检测IL-6、IL-10水平,对免疫炎症指标及临床资料进行单因素和多因素分析,多因素分析采用Logistic回归分析。结果DAI后合并其他脑损伤、瞳孔改变、伤后昏迷时间及入院时GCS评分是影响患者预后的危险因素,而其他因素则与预后不相关。CD4+/CD8+T淋巴细胞比值降低是DAI后发生ARDS/ALI的危险因素,CD4+/CD8+T淋巴细胞比值与患者预后关系不大,而ARDS/ALI的发生则是影响DAI患者预后的重要危险因素。IL-6增加与DAI后ARDS/ALI密切相关,可作为ARDS/ALI发生的预测因子,其水平是患者预后的危险因素,而IL-10则在此过程中与ARDS/ALI不相关,且与患者预后无关。结论 CD4+/CD8+T淋巴细胞比值降低是DAI后发生ARDS/ALI的危险因素,IL-6可作为ARDS/ALI发生的预测因子。DAI后与患者预后相关的危险因素包括合并其他脑损伤、瞳孔改变、伤后昏迷时间、入院时GCS评分、IL-6水平及并发ARDS/ALI。     

基于VDI2230-2003标准的动车组车钩联接螺栓强度分析

使用ANSYS软件对某车钩安装座及其联接螺栓进行接触非线性静强度计算,在此基础上基于德国《VDI2230-2003螺栓强度校核标准》对螺栓进行强度评估,并和传统《机械设计手册》计算的结果进行比较,得出两种方法的计算值均满足强度要求,同时前者计算的轴向拉应力水平为后者计算的应力水平的72%,但剪切应力两者相同.