LCA与汽车开发协同路径研究——以客车轻量化为例

为探究汽车生态协同设计,将生命周期评价(Life Cycle Assessment,LCA)与汽车产品开发相结合,提出串行开发和并行开发两种协同路径。以12 m纯电动客车底架的轻量化开发为例,研究了串行开发方案下客车底架轻量化对我国资源、能源和环境的影响。结果表明,与原客车底架相比,结构优化后客车底架质量减轻52.5 kg,且经校验轻量化后客车底架的刚度、强度及固有动态特性均满足要求;对于全生命周期而言,轻量化后其矿产资源消耗减少0.4×10^-4kg Sb eq.,化石能源消耗减少0.7×10⁴MJ,综合环境影响值减少0.42×10-11,降低比例分别为3.81%、4.46%和4.56%。未来将在本研究的基础上进行并行开发方案的协同探索,并对研究结果进行比较分析。     

Mechanical model and characteristics of deep-water drilling riser-wellhead system under internal solitary waves

Internal solitary waves with a huge amount of energy easily trigger the large dynamic responses of riser-wellhead system and threaten its structural safety. However, previous studies have only focused on the dynamic response of the riser under internal solitary waves. The riser may experience excessive traction from the platform, especially from the mooring platform, in response to the arrival of internal solitary waves. The bottom of the riser connects to the wellhead system, which in turn exerts a reaction force on the riser. To address this problem, a coupled dynamic model of deep-water drilling mooring platform-riser-wellhead system under internal solitary waves is developed in this paper. A dynamic response analysis method based on the fourth-order Runge-Kutta method and finite element method is also proposed for the mooring platform-riser-wellhead system. A dynamical solver for the coupled system is then developed using MATLAB. The dynamic response characteristics of the riser-wellhead system under internal solitary waves are calculated. Results show that the displacement and bending moment of the system initially increases and then decreases along with the propagation of internal solitary waves, and finally reach equilibrium position. The displacement and bending moment reach their peak before the trough of internal solitary waves passes through the riser-wellhead system. The dynamic responses of the riser-wellhead system under the influence of internal solitary wave loads are much larger than those without the effect of internal solitary wave loads. The riser system experiences shearing loads at the interface of internal solitary waves, which trigger a step-like bending moment variation. The bending moment of the conductor under the mudline is greatly increased by the internal solitary waves.