北京地铁13号线车站装修设计回顾

通过对北京地铁13号线车站内外装修设计的总结与回顾,全面论述了其装修设计指导思想与设计构思,以及在实施过程中遇到的问题。     

白细胞介素13在原发性肾小球肾炎肾组织中的表达及意义

目的探讨白细胞介素13(IL-13)在几种常见病理类型的原发性肾小球肾炎(PGN)患者肾组织中的表达及其意义。方法采用免疫组织化学法检测81例PGN患者及10例对照组肾组织中IL-13的表达情况,并与各项临床指标进行相关性分析。结果PGN患者肾组织中IL-13表达均较对照组明显增强;IL-13在PGN患者肾组织中的表达与血尿素氮、肌酐水平、24h尿蛋白定量以及肾小球新月体形成呈正相关(r分别为0.325,0.275,0.291,0.231),而与肾小球滤过率(GFR)、血清白蛋白水平呈负相关(r分别为-0.448,-0.296)。结论IL-13参与PGN患者肾组织的炎症反应及肾小球新月体的形成过程,并与肾功能进展及尿蛋白严重程度密切相关。     

热阻式SMA-13沥青混合料级配优化

为了研究热阻式SMA-13沥青混合料中耐火碎石最佳掺量, 设计了SMA-13沥青混合料配合比方案, 即在2.36~4.75 mm集料中, 耐火碎石体积掺量为100%, 在4.75~9.5 mm集料中, 耐火碎石体积掺量分别为20%、40%、60%、80%、100%, 在9.5~13.2 mm集料中, 耐火碎石体积掺量分别为10%、20%、30%;研究了耐火碎石掺量对SMA-13沥青混合料路用性能和阻热性能的影响规律, 提出了耐火碎石最佳掺量, 并分析了最佳掺量下热阻式SMA-13沥青混合料路用性能和阻热性能。试验结果表明: 与普通SMA-13沥青混合料相比, 将2.36~4.75 mm集料全部替换为耐火碎石时, 热阻式SMA-13沥青混合料路用性能降低约3%, 试件温度降低约1.4℃; 4.75~9.5 mm耐火碎石掺量占该粒径普通集料60%时, 热阻式SMA-13沥青混合料路用性能降低5%~10%, 试件温度降低约5.7℃, 阻热效果明显, 耐火碎石掺量超过60%时, 热阻式SMA-13沥青混合料路用性能急剧衰减, 阻热效果不明显, 掺量为60%~80%时, 热阻式SMA-13沥青混合料路用性能降低幅度达到10%~20%, 而试件温度降低幅度不超过0.7℃; 9.5~13.2 mm耐火碎石掺量占该粒径普通集料10%~20%时, 热阻式SMA-13沥青混合料路用性能基本不变, 而阻热效果明显, 掺量达到20%时, 路用性能降低约13%, 试件温度降低约7℃, 耐火碎石掺量超过20%时, 路用性能急剧下降, 无阻热效果, 试件温度增加0.1℃; 基于热阻式SMA-13沥青混合料降温效果最佳原则, 建议2.36~4.75、4.75~9.5与9.5~13.2 mm耐火碎石掺量分别占同粒径普通集料的100%、60%和20%。     

川芎嗪对体外培养兔关节软骨细胞MMP-1、MMP-13和TIMP-1表达的影响

目的研究川芎嗪对IL-1β诱导的兔关节软骨细胞损伤的影响。方法体外分离培养兔关节软骨细胞,并以其为实验模型;将实验分为正常对照组、白介素组、川芎嗪+白介素组;MTT法检测细胞增殖情况;Real-time PCR检测MMP-1、MMP-13和TIMP-1的mRNA表达量。结果 MTT检测结果显示,川芎嗪+白介素组细胞增殖情况显著高于正常对照组和白介素组(P<0.05);Real-time PCR结果显示,川芎嗪+白介素组MMP-1和MMP-13的mRNA表达量显著低于白介素组(P<0.05),而TIMP-1的mRNA表达量则显著高于白介素组(P<0.05)。结论川芎嗪可抑制IL-1β对软骨细胞的炎症损伤,具有保护软骨细胞,延缓软骨基质降解的作用,临床上可作为OA的治疗用药。     

北京地铁13号线故障情况下运营方案研究

北京地铁13号线是北京城市轨道交通的第一务地面线路。分析影响列车运行的客观因素和线路特点,介绍针对不同区段线路阻隔而制定的行车组织方案,以在保证安全的前提下最大限度地满足乘客需求．     

Simulation methods supporting homologation of Electronic Stability Control in vehicle variants

ABSTRACT

Vehicle simulation has a long tradition in the automotive industry as a powerful supplement to physical vehicle testing. In the field of Electronic Stability Control (ESC) system, the simulation process has been well established to support the ESC development and application by suppliers and Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs). The latest regulation of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe UN/ECE-R 13 allows also for simulation-based homologation. This extends the usage of simulation from ESC development to homologation. This paper gives an overview of simulation methods, as well as processes and tools used for the homologation of ESC in vehicle variants. The paper first describes the generic homologation process according to the European Regulation (UN/ECE-R 13H, UN/ECE-R 13/11) and U.S. Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard (FMVSS 126). Subsequently the ESC system is explained as well as the generic application and release process at the supplier and OEM side. Coming up with the simulation methods, the ESC development and application process needs to be adapted for the virtual vehicles. The simulation environment, consisting of vehicle model, ESC model and simulation platform, is explained in detail with some exemplary use-cases. In the final section, examples of simulation-based ESC homologation in vehicle variants are shown for passenger cars, light trucks, heavy trucks and trailers. This paper is targeted to give a state-of-the-art account of the simulation methods supporting the homologation of ESC systems in vehicle variants. However, the described approach and the lessons learned can be used as reference in future for an extended usage of simulation-supported releases of the ESC system up to the development and release of driver assistance systems.

Abbreviations: ABS: Anti-lock braking system; ADR: Australian design rules; ALB: Automatic load-dependent brake force controller; AMEVSC: Alternative method to assess the electronic vehicle stability control system; APP: Application; BSC: Brake slip controller; CAE: Computer-aided engineering; CAN: Controller area network; CAT: Category; CoG: Centre of gravity; DIN: Deutsches Institut für Normung (German Institute for Standards); EB+: Trademark of Haldex; EBD: Electronic brake force distribution; EBS: Electronic brake system; ECU: Electronic control unit; ESC: Electronic stability control; ECVWTA: European Community Whole Vehicle Type Approval; FMVSS: Federal motor vehicle safety standards; GPS: Global positioning system; GRRF: Groupe de travail en matiere de roulement et de freinage (Working Party on Braking and Running Gear); HiL: Hardware-in-the-Loop; HSRI: Highway Safety Research Institute; K&C: Kinematic and compliant (KnC); MBS: Multibody systems; MPV: Multipurpose vehicle; NHTSA: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; OEM: Original equipment manufacturer; SiL: Software-in-the-Loop; ST: Summer tyres; STM: Single track model; StVO: Straßenverkehrsordnung (Government Highway Regulations); SUV: Sports utility vehicle; SW: Software; SwD: Sine with dwell manoeuvre; TC: Threshold consumption value; TCS: Traction control system; TRIAS: Test Requirements and Instructions for Automobile Standards; UN/ECE: United Nations Economic Commission for Europe; VAF: Value-added function; VDC: Vehicle dynamics controller; VTC: Vehicle test catalogue; WT: Winter tyres     

AC-13温拌沥青混合料的路用性能研究

为了评价温拌沥青混合料的水稳定性和疲劳性能,以热拌沥青混合料的配合比设计方法,掺加Sasobit降粘剂制备了AC-13温拌沥青混合料,进行了浸水马歇尔试验、冻融劈裂试验、小梁疲劳试验和低温弯曲试验,测定了温拌沥青混合料的残留稳定度、残留强度比、疲劳次数和低温性能。结果表明:掺加3%Sasobit时,温拌沥青混合料的残留稳定度和残留强度比达到最大值,分别为91.2%、87.5%,疲劳次数与基质沥青相比,增加了16.4%,说明掺加Sasobit后,提高了温拌沥青混合料的路用性能,由低温弯曲试验确定Sasobit的掺量不宜大于3%。     

SMA配合比设计中沥青胶结料的适用性评判

结合辽宁SMA路面工程实践,结合两种改性沥青在路面上面层SMA13L目标配合比设计过程中遇到的问题,探讨了不同改性沥青对沥青混合料性能的影响,为沥青路面实际施工前的沥青混凝土目标配合比设计提供借鉴。