Organic carbon budget for the Gulf of Bothnia

We calculated input of organic carbon to the unproductive, brackish water basin of the Gulf of Bothnia from rivers, point sources and the atmosphere. We also calculated the net exchange of organic carbon between the Gulf of Bothnia and the adjacent marine system, the Baltic Proper. We compared the input with sinks for organic carbon; permanent incorporation in sediments and mineralization and subsequent evasion of CO₂ to the atmosphere. The major fluxes were riverine input (1500 Gg C year^− 1), exchange with the Baltic Proper (depending on which of several possible DOC concentration differences between the basins that was used in the calculation, the flux varied between an outflow of 466 and an input of 950 Gg C year^− 1), sediment burial (1100 Gg C year^− 1) and evasion to the atmosphere (3610 Gg C year^− 1). The largest single net flux was the emission of CO₂ to the atmosphere, mainly caused by bacterial mineralization of organic carbon. Input and output did not match in our budget which we ascribe uncertainties in the calculation of the exchange of organic carbon between the Gulf of Bothnia and the Baltic Proper, and the fact that CO₂ emission, which in our calculation represented 1 year (2002) may have been overestimated in comparison with long-term means. We conclude that net heterotrophy of the Gulf of Bothnia was due to input of organic carbon from both the catchment and from the Baltic Proper and that the future degree of net heterotrophy will be sensible to both catchment export of organic carbon and to the ongoing eutrophication of the Baltic Proper.     

关于金融法体系构建的若干思考

对于金融法体系的构建,学者们的观点不一。很多学者提出了金融法的体系,但是认识有所不同。对金融法体系的构建存在的偏差,原因在于很多学者忽视了或者说是错误理解了法学体系和法律体系的区别。我们应当分析法学体系和法律体系的区别,认识到对金融法的体系不能简单的固定,只能是随着社会的发展和时代的进步而不断地加以完善。     

直线感应电动机数据采集系统

针对用于磁悬浮列车的直线感应电动机实验台,介绍了一套对直线感应电动机实验数据进行采集、分析和处理的数据采集系统。该系统可对实验中的各种数据进行实时采集、显示、控制、存储和分析。     

铁路地理信息系统研究

铁路地理信息系统是一个利用计算机网络技术,采用分布式数据库系统建立的专业化管理与决策空间信息系统,支持管理和科技人员快速查询全国铁路资源及铁路沿线环境状况,实现政务办公、综合分析、战略决策、信息管理等方面自动化,以及防治铁路灾害决策科学化。本文从我国铁路地理信息系统的需求分析入手,探讨全国铁路地理信息系统的总体设计。     

城市轨道交通企业局域网建设探讨

通过介绍上海地铁运营有限公司车辆分公司计算机网络的组建和企业管理信息系统的开发和应用,阐明了企业计算机网络建设和计算机信息管理系统在地铁车辆管理中的重要性。并对轨道交通企业中建设网络和开发管理信息系统需要重视的几个问题及其解决的方法作了探讨。     

Experimental ivnestigation on flow fields of viscous fluid around two-dimensional wings and comparison with computational results

To examine the flow field of a viscous fluid around the trailing edge of a wing with respect to the Kutta condition or the Joukowski hypothesis, an experimental investigation into the velocity fields around two-dimensional (2D) wings NACA0012 and NACA4412 was carried out using an X-type hot-wire anemometer in a wind tunnel and the method of colored milk injection in a circulating water channel. The results of these investigations revealed that the flow of a viscous fluid at the trailing edge of a 2D wing is tangential to the face on the pressure side, and that the flow is very slow or reversed on the suction side due to separation when the angle of attack is greater than 7.5°. By flow visualization, a Kármán vortex street was found in the wake of both wings (NACA0012 and NACA4412) when the angle of attack was 5°. These results show that the ordinary Kutta condition with respect to the direction of outflow at the trailing edge is not necessarily satisfied in a viscous fluid, but the Kutta condition with respect to the pressure at the trailing edge is satisfied as usual. Numerical results, which have been obtained as the solution of Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations, show good agreement with above-mentioned experimental results. Therefore, CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) simulation has proved to be very effective for studying steady viscous flow around the trailing edge of a 2D wing.     

集装箱龙门起重机微机控制系统

本文介绍了将微型计算机应用于集装箱起重机自动控制系统的设计思想和方法。在该系统中，以集装箱起重机为控制对象，用单板机作为控制器，通过传感器，驱动放大电路及接口芯片等构成一个完整的自动控制系统。此系统基本实现了集装箱起重机的自动控制，并给集装专用吊具与集装箱迅速准确的自动对位带来好处。     

多值非线性系统的自适应控制

提出了带有多值非线性环节的线性离散系统的自适应控制算法，仿真实验的结果表明：该算法简单易行具有明显的优点，跟踪误差比采用一般的自适应控制算法时要小得多，且能保证闭环系统大范围近收敛。     

电缆铝护套连续包覆生产线协调运行控制系统的研究

分析了由活套形式构成的协高运行控制系统中因产品伸长和收线或放线半径变化对系统偏差调节过程的影响。论述了系统待定参数的合理值，并设计出能适应无法在是取半径收排系统电动机转速环与活套之间的配合电路。     

海上平台水喷淋系统喷头选型

水喷淋系统是海上平台上非常重要的安全保护系统之一，喷头的选型是水喷淋系统设计中的重点和难点。对此结合海上平台的特点，从理论和海上工程应用等方面进行了论述，提供了海上平台水喷淋头喷头选型的方法，可供同行参考使用。