Formation of Denmark Strait overflow water and its hydro-chemical composition

The dense overflow across the Denmark Strait is investigated with hydrographic and hydro-chemical data and the water mass composition of the Denmark Strait Overflow Water (DSOW) is determined by multivariate analysis. Hydrographical properties, the transient tracers CFC-11 and CFC-12, oxygen and nutrients are utilized for the water mass definitions. Distribution and characteristics of water masses north of Denmark Strait are described, the important water masses at the sill and the variability on weekly time-scales are discussed, and the entrainment and mixing of water into the overflow plume in the northern Irminger Basin is calculated. The analysis indicates that water masses both from the Nordic Seas and the Arctic Ocean are important for the formation of DSOW. It is found that water masses transported with the East Greenland Current make up about 75% of the overflow at the sill. The overflow at, and shortly south of, the sill is inhomogeneous with a low-salinity component dominated by Polar Intermediate Water. The high-salinity component of the overflow is mainly of Arctic origin. The water mass composition, and the short-term variability for 7 repeats of sections close to the sill are described, and these illustrate that the overflow is in fact a composite of a number of water masses with different formation and transport histories. This indicate that the overflow is a robust feature, but that it responds to variations in the circulation or atmospheric forcing that influences the formation of intermediate and deep water masses within the Arctic Mediterranean and the North Atlantic. At a section about 400 km south of the sill the overflow is well mixed and modified by entrainment of, mainly, Iceland–Scotland Overflow Water and Labrador Sea Water, together constituting 30% of the overflow plume. The entrainment of Middle Irminger Water dominates shortly downstream of the sill, before the overflow plume reaches too deep but the entrainment seems to be intermittent in time.     

高性能MINS/GPS组合导航计算机研究

针对MINS/GPS组合导航计算机设计中所面临的具体要求,设计了一款基于高性能浮点DSP及FPGA的组合导航计算机.在该系统的设计中,FPGA EP20K160E负责系统的数据采集和主要的逻辑控制,浮点DSP TMS320C6713则在植入嵌入式操作系统后主要负责导航信息的处理,并能够有效支持本系统所采用的基于模糊自适应卡尔曼滤波器的数据融合方法.跑车实验结果证明基于选用的DSP和FPGA所设计的导航系统的精度和实时性均能达到设计要求,并具有低成本、体积小等优点,对微型导航技术的广泛应用具有实际意义.     

广西防城港20万吨级码头设计施工浅述

广西防城港20万吨级码头为重力墩式结构,其下构为临时有底大圆筒。文章对该码头的结构设计、施工设计的全过程进行了论述。     

Fe—25Cr—20Ni合金层状碳化物M23C6的析出研究

研究了Ｆｅ－２５Ｃｒ－２０Ｎｉ合金中层状碳化物Ｍ２３Ｃ６的形态、晶体学特征、析出动力学及氮对层状Ｍ２３Ｃ６的析出作用。结果表明，层状Ｍ２３Ｃ６呈板条状，与基体奥氏体（Ａ）的位向关系是｛００１｝Ｍ２３Ｃ６〃｛００１｝Ａ，〈００１〉Ｍ２３Ｃ６〃〈００１〉Ａ。它的析出量受基体中碳的溶解度控制，氮能提高基体的溶解度，促进层状Ｍ２３Ｃ６的析出。     

20000TEU超大型集装箱船舶时代与港口面临的挑战

介绍超大型集装箱船舶的现状和发展趋势,分析当今的世界航运市场,提出了港口在新航运时期的应对措施。     

Combustion and emission characteristics of BD20 reformed by ultrasonic energy for different injection delay and EGR rate in a diesel engine

The purpose of this study is to understand the operational characteristics of a diesel engine that uses BD20 reformed by ultrasonic energy irradiation. In particular we study the effects of tuning injection delay and EGR rate. BD containing about 10% oxygen has attracted attention due to soaring crude oil prices and environmental pollution. This oxygen decreases soot by promoting combustion, but it also increases NOx. To solve this problem, injection timing may be delayed or an EGR system may be applied. These adjustments normally lower engine power and increase exhaust emission but, in using fuel reformed by ultrasonic energy irradiation (which is changed physically and chemically to promote combustion), we may hope to circumvent this problem. To control the duration of the ultrasonic energy irradiation, the capacity of the chamber in an ultrasonic energy fuel supply system was tested at 550cc and 1100cc capacities. As for the results of the experiment, we could identify the optimum EGR rate by investigating the engine performance and the characteristics of exhaust emissions according to the injection timing and the EGR rate while ultrasonically irradiated BD20 was fed to a commercial diesel engine. With UBD20 (at an injection timing of BTDC 16°), the optimum EGR rate, giving satisfactory engine performance and exhaust emissions characteristics, was in the range of 15∼20%.