一种有轨电车车辆道岔区几何偏移量的图解法

通过分析某工程拟采用的有轨电车车辆特点,建立了计算车辆模型,提出一种作图求解计算车辆在道岔区几何偏移量的方法。应用实例证明,该方法适用于所研究有轨电车车辆道岔区几何偏移量的求解,也为其他结构型式有轨电车车辆道岔区几何偏移量的计算提供了参考。     

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分析了汽车碰撞交通事故抛物体研究进展，包括行人、骑车人和自行车模型。对各数学模型的研究现状、存在的问题和发展前沿进行了论述。本文作者利用PCCrash建立虚拟仿真碰撞试验场，对应不同车辆类型，分别建立了车辆—行人侧面碰撞、后部碰撞，刮擦碰撞和自行车/骑车人仿真抛距模型。传统的抛距模型中，车辆在发生碰撞时通常会采取制动措施，本文对车辆不采取制动的碰撞形式也进行了分析和仿真，建立了车辆行人高速碰撞模型，上述工作对车辆行人事故再现研究的发展具有一定指导意义和实用价值。     

提高陆风SUV汽车正面碰撞安全性的研究

针对"陆风SUV汽车被动安全性改进开发"项目的要求,采用CAE技术,找出了陆风SUV现有车身结构存在的问题,提出了改进方案,并对其效果进行了验证。     

干道协调控制相位差模型及其优化方法

通过对协调控制系统进行相位优化设计,综合考虑各路段的平均车速、车流的离散性、相交道路的转弯车流以及车辆到达的不均匀性等各种影响干道协调控制方案实施效果的主要因素后,建立了一种新的干道协调控制相位差模型.以干道控制系统的总延误与总停车次数作为相位差模型的输出,对上、下行车队在交叉口的延误规律进行了分析,并利用Matlab编程计算来实现相位差的优化.结果表明:该优化模型为解决干道协调控制相位差优化问题提供了一种新方法.     

列流线偏移描绘自动化

基于图论理论分析了列流图的组成特性,以解决列流线折点自动搜索问题.提出列流线折点搜索算法和列流线偏移描绘算法.采用基于节点信息表绘制列流图.开发了列流图自动生成数据库系统.用实例表明了算法及软件有效性和可行性.     

Age related annual crash incidence rate ratios in professional drivers of heavy goods vehicles

ObjectivesEvidence concerning crash risk for older heavy vehicle drivers is sparse, making it difficult to assess if it is prudent to encourage older drivers to remain in the workforce in a climate of labour shortages. The objective of this study was to estimate annual crash rate ratios of older male heavy vehicle drivers relative to their middle aged peers.MethodsData utilized in this study includes all crashes meeting inclusion criteria involving heavy goods vehicles, categorised as rigid trucks and articulated trucks; this data was recorded by the New South Wales Roads and Traffic Authority. The exposure to the risk of a crash was represented by distance travelled for each vehicle type and year, by age of driver, as estimated by the Australian Survey of Motor Vehicle Use. Negative binomial regression modelling was applied to estimate annual crash incidence rate ratios for male drivers in various age groups.ResultsA total of 26,146 crashes occurred in New South Wales during 1999–2006, involving a total of 54,191 vehicles; removing observations that did not meet the inclusion criteria, 19,736 observations remained representing 12,501 crashes. For rigid trucks, the incidence rate ratio for drivers aged 65+ years, compared to 45–54 year olds, was 0.74 (95% CI 0.51, 0.98). For articulated trucks, the annual crash incidence rate ratio for drivers aged 65+ years compared to 45–54 year olds was 1.4 (95% CI 0.96, 1.9), and that for drivers aged 55–64 years compared to 45–54 year olds was 1.1 (95% CI 0.83, 1.3).ConclusionsOlder male professional drivers of heavy goods vehicles have lower risk of crashes in rigid vehicles, possibly due to accrued driving experience and self-selection of healthy individuals remaining in the workforce. Thus, encouraging these drivers to remain in the workforce is appropriate in the climate of labour shortages, as this study provides evidence that to do so would not endanger road safety.     

Transport and nation‐state governments: a global review

The review undertaken in this paper shows how, at the beginning of 1988, nation‐states of the world allocated ministerial responsibilities for the important function of transport. A total of 118 countries are examined, compared with 111 in 1982 (Transport Reviews, Vol. 2, No. 4) and 115 in 1985 (Transport Reviews, Vol. 5. No. 1). The analysis reveals an increase in the number of ministers solely responsible for one mode of transport, and notes an increase in the number of designated ministers for tourism. The paper goes on to examine the two main duties of ministers of transport: safety and economic regulation; and of the increasing need for closer international co‐operation as new transport technology, the growing demand for travel and expanding world trade make our world ‘an even more local village’ in the decades to come.     

滑膜摊铺机在公路防撞护栏施工中的应用

以北非阿尔及利亚东西高速公路项目建设中修筑公路混凝土防撞栏的施工为背景,阐述了以滑模摊铺机进行混凝土防护栏施工的工艺原理、流程及施工方法实践证明,相比国内普遍采用的传统工艺,采用滑模摊铺机修筑防护栏在减少人工、提高施工效率及质量方面更具优势     

公路防撞护栏清洗车的水路设计

水路的设计及各项技术参数的选择对公路防撞护栏清洗车完成各项特定工况具有十分重要的意义，从工程实践的角度对其如何实施提出了意见和看法。     

基于梯度关联规则的老年行人交通事故风险识别

为构建老年行人交通事故严重程度风险关联因素识别方法体系，本文应用极限梯度提升关联规则挖掘算法(Extreme Gradient Boost-Apriori，XGB-Apriori)识别城市道路老年行人交通事故风险因子。运用机器学习优化关联规则算法结构，通过机器学习库 scikit-learn 中 XGBoost (Extreme Gradient Boost)算法与SFM(Select From Model)特征选择类功能实现变量特征值的选择。进而，对Apriori算法设置有序定向约束，得到适用于交通事故致因分析的数据挖掘技术。通过逐层迭代识别关联项，选取频繁项集，总结高置信度、高提升度的关联规则。关联因素模型评估结果表明，本文采用的SFM功能准确度可达78.31%，关联规则XGB-Apriori算法较传统算法精度提升了91%。挖掘结果显示，驾驶员与行人的自身特征、车辆特征、碰撞状态以及道路特征均对老年行人交通事故的严重程度具有重要影响。其中，男性驾驶员造成的行人死亡事故频次较高，女性驾驶员造成的受伤事故频次较高；大型、重型车辆(SUV、卡车、施工车)发生死亡事故频次相对小轿车更高；位于匝道等道路线型弯曲的坡道中，老年行人发生致死交通事故的频次相对线型缓和路段更高。本文对老年行人交通事故耦合因素全面识别并针对性提出风险防控精准预判方法，为有效保护道路弱势群体提供必要的理论支持。