拖轮总功率计算

结合工程实例,通过对我国《海港总平面设计规划》及国际航海学会《港口拖轮应用指南》关于拖轮总功率计算方法的比较,说明了按不同标准得出的拖轮总功率配置的差别。     

高速列车风对附近人体的气动作用影响

采用计算流体力学的数值方法和移动网格模拟计算方法,研究3种车头形状、从200 km.h-1到350 km.h-1的4种车速、从1.0 m到3.5 m的5种人车距离条件下列车风对人体气动作用力和人体附近列车风速度大小的影响,提出列车风对人体最大水平作用力计算关系式和人体附近最大列车风速计算关系式、以及高速列车附近人体安全距离的建议值。计算结果表明:列车风对附近人体产生的作用力因车头(尾)形状不同而差别很大,车头形状越钝,列车风对附近人体产生的作用力越大,完全钝型与充分流线型车头相比,在车速350km.h-1、人车距离1 m时列车风产生的作用力可相差7倍以上;不同车头形状产生的列车风对附近人体的作用力,其差别随人车距离的增大而减小,大致呈二次方函数规律变化;不同条件下车头(尾)通过时列车风对附近人体的水平作用力方向的变化趋势基本相同,作用力方向角变化约300°。     

列车空气动力性能与流线型头部外形

采用数值计算、动模型试验、风洞试验、实车试验和理论分析等方法,研究列车流线型头部长度、宽度、高度及耦合外形对列车交会压力波、空气阻力和升力的影响,得到一系列理论关系式。研究结果表明:①增加列车流线型头部长度,可以有效地改善列车空气动力性能,列车交会压力波随流线型头部长度增加而呈对数减小,头车阻力、升力绝对值均随流线型头部长度的增加呈线性减小,尾车阻力与流线型头部长度呈二次幂减小;②流线型头部纵向对称面最大控制型线从外凸到内凹,列车空气阻力、空气升力和交会压力波基本不变,减小鼻尖部位过渡曲线的曲率半径可以有效降低列车交会压力波;③流线型头部俯视最大控制型线为方形时产生的交会压力波最小,尖梭形的头车空气阻力和升力绝对值较小;④减小列车空气阻力和降低列车交会压力波,既矛盾又统一,列车气动头部外形设计需要综合考虑各种因素。     

Reduction of skin friction by microbubbles and its relation with near-wall bubble concentration in a channel

Determination of the flow structure near the wall is essential for a clear insight into the phenomenon of skin friction reduction by microbubbles in a turbulent boundary layer. An important parameter, is the bubble concentration or void fraction in the wall region in drag-reducing conditions. The purpose of this paper is to show drag-reducing effects due to microbubbles in a water channel and, more importantly, to show the dependence of the drag-reduction values on the near-wall void fraction. A two-dimensional channel with an aspect ratio of 10 was specially built for this purpose with provisions for air injection through porous plates. Skin friction was directly measured by a miniature floating element transducer with a 5-mm circular sensing disk mounted flush on the top wall 67 channel-heights downstream of the injector. The wall friction in the presence of air bubbles was found to be reduced under the same bulk velocity when compared with the value without air. Detailed void fraction profiles across the channel were obtained by a sampling probe and a fiber-optic probe. Better collapse of the drag reduction data, independent of different profile shapes, was found when plotted against the near-wall void fraction than against a cross-sectional mean void fraction. While this dependence reconfirms that the phenomena are essentially inner-region dependent, the lack of influence of the bubble distribution patterns away from the wall implies lack of outer region influence.     

重卡外气动性能评估与优化

利用数字仿真方法对某重卡的整车空气动力特性进行仿真分析。通过仿真分析,获得整车的风阻系数;并且根据对整车流场的压力云图分析,发现影响空气阻力系数的关键零件,并对导流罩进行了优化改进。优化后的分析表明改进效果是明显的,空气阻力系数得到了有效降低。     

采用微气泡缩减高速船拖曳阻力(英文)

Ship hull form of the underwater area strongly influences the resistance of the ship.The major factor in ship resistance is skin friction resistance.Bulbous bows,polymer paint,water repellent paint(highly water-repellent wall),air injection,and specific roughness have been used by researchers as an attempt to obtain the resistance reduction and operation efficiency of ships.Micro-bubble injection is a promising technique for lowering frictional resistance.The injected air bubbles are supposed to somehow modify the energy inside the turbulent boundary layer and thereby lower the skin friction.The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of injected micro bubbles on a navy fast patrol boat(FPB) 57 m type model with the following main dimensions:L=2 450 mm,B=400 mm,and T=190 mm.The influence of the location of micro bubble injection and bubble velocity was also investigated.The ship model was pulled by an electric motor whose speed could be varied and adjusted.The ship model resistance was precisely measured by a load cell transducer.Comparison of ship resistance with and without micro-bubble injection was shown on a graph as a function of the drag coefficient and Froude number.It was shown that micro bubble injection behind the mid-ship is the best location to achieve the most effective drag reduction,and the drag reduction caused by the micro-bubbles can reach 6%-9%.     

Frictional drag reduction with air lubricant over a super-water-repellent surface

This paper presents a new technique for reducing frictional drag using a super-water-repellent surface and air-injection (called an SWR & A technique). Its effectiveness was examined by carrying out pressure-loss measurements with a tube of rectangular cross section, along with resistance tests on a horizontal flat plate, a 7.2-m-long tanker model, and a 12-m-long high length-to-beam-ratio model ship. These test results showed that the new technique can significantly reduce the models' frictional drag; for example, the frictional resistance on the SWR surface was reduced by 80% at a speed of 4 m/s and 55% at 8 m/s. Received: October 16, 2000 / Accepted: December 4, 2000     

船用丙纶缆绳的水阻力试验研究

在船模拖曳水池中进行了船用丙纶缆绳的水阻力试验。缆绳切向阻力系数由长、短两根裸绳直拖试验而获得,为0.036;法向阻力系数由缆绳悬挂重物吊拖试验得到为1.66。     

宁波舟山近海三维潮汐潮流数值模拟

利用FVCOM模型对宁波舟山近海的潮汐潮流进行了三维数值模拟,并对其水动力特性作了相应分析.FVCOM模型采用非结构化三角形网格,很好地解决了精确拟合宁波舟山群岛的复杂岸线的问题.基于计算区域内的海床性质,采用Koutitas公式对FVCOM模型的中海底摩阻系数的计算进行了改进.通过计算域内多个潮位站和海流站的实测资料...     

Sail–sail and sail–hull interaction effects of hybrid-sail assisted bulk carrier

In a previously reported study, wind tunnel experiments were undertaken to investigate the aerodynamic characteristics of hybrid-sails in isolation. Such sails are seen as providing a worthwhile reduction in the delivered power to the propeller and hence the engine generated thrust, with a corresponding reduction in the CO₂ production of diesel engine exhaust. In this paper, wind tunnel testing is used to investigate sail–sail interaction effects for two sets of four identical hybrid-sails, and the sail–hull interaction effects for the same two sets of four identical sails in the presence of a bulk carrier hullform. The analysis presented suggests that to build a sail-assisted ship requires an appreciation of the sail–sail and sail–hull interaction effects.