地铁通风与空调系统设计及施工常见问题分析

研究目的:随着我国地铁建设的高速发展,有经验的设计、施工人员相对于全国的地铁市场来说严重不足,笔者通过总结一些以往设计施工的经验教训,希望对刚步入地铁行业的设计施工人员有所帮助。研究结论:本文主要从地铁隧道通风系统、公共区通风空调系统、设备管理用房通风空调系统和空调水系统等几方面对地铁设计及施工中容易忽略和需要重点注意的一些问题加以总结性分析说明。     

基于非定常流场的离心压气机气动噪声分析

对150mm直径车用涡轮增压器离心压气机的流场进行非定常数值模拟,将流场的静压力脉动从时域转换到频域,根据声学原理,对该离心压气机近场声源区的频谱特征进行研究.结果表明,针对本算例,离心叶轮向外辐射的噪声信号在频域上体现出旋转噪声的特性,基频振幅达到了7 000 Pa数量级,而湍流噪声则十分微弱,对压气机的声辐射特性影响很小,基本可以忽略.进一步对湍流噪声的单独分析表明,湍流噪声基频为叶轮的整周通过频率,这是由下游流道的非对称几何结构蜗壳喉部决定的,并且其基频振幅达到了5 000 Pa量级.     

增压器压气机叶轮的三维弹塑性精细分析

用基于参变量变分原理的有限元参数二次规划法对增压器压气机叶轮进行了三维弹塑性精细分析的研究，并计算了叶轮在用预超速工艺制造过程中的残余应变，给出了其分布规律，计算结果与实测符合得很好．     

基于S7-200 PLC和TP170A的船舶中央空调综合控制系统的实现

本文利用S7-200PLC实现船舶中央空调的综合控制和管理，对制冷压缩机进行有级能量调节，温度和湿度实现PID和PWM控制，达到了节能和操作方便的效果。     

A methodology for identifying similar days in air traffic flow management initiative planning

This article describes a methodology for selecting days that are comparable in terms of the conditions faced during air traffic flow management initiative planning. This methodology includes the use of specific data sources, specific features of calendar days defined using these data sources, and the application of a specific form of classification and then cluster analysis. The application of this methodology will produce results that enable historical analysis of the use of initiatives and evaluation of the relative success of different courses of action. Several challenges are overcome here including the need to identify the appropriate machine learning algorithms to apply, to quantify the differences between calendar days, to select features describing days, to obtain appropriate raw data, and to evaluate results in a meaningful way. These challenges are overcome via a review of relevant literature, the identification and trial of several useful models and data sets, and careful application of methods. For example, the cluster analysis that ultimately selects sets of similar days uses a distance metric based on variable importance measures from a separate classification model of observed initiatives. The methodology defined here is applied to the New York area, although it could be applied by other researchers to other areas.     

Short/medium-term prediction for the aviation emissions in the en route airspace considering the fluctuation in air traffic demand

This paper proposes a novel short/medium-term prediction method for aviation emissions distribution in en route airspace. An en route traffic demand model characterizing both the dynamics and the fluctuation of the actual traffic demand is developed, based on which the variation and the uncertainty of the short/medium-term traffic growth are predicted. Building on the demand forecast the Boeing Fuel Flow Method 2 is applied to estimate the fuel consumption and the resulting aviation emissions in the en route airspace. Based on the traffic demand prediction and the en route emissions estimation, an aviation emissions prediction model is built, which can be used to forecast the generation of en route emissions with uncertainty limits. The developed method is applied to a real data set from Hefei Area Control Center for the en route emission prediction in the next 5 years, with time granularities of both months and years. To validate the uncertainty limits associated with the emission prediction, this paper also presents the prediction results based on future traffic demand derived from the regression model widely adopted by FAA and Eurocontrol. The analysis of the case study shows that the proposed method can characterize well the dynamics and the fluctuation of the en route emissions, thereby providing satisfactory prediction results with appropriate uncertainty limits. The prediction results show a gradual growth at an average annual rate of 7.74%, and the monthly prediction results reveal distinct fluctuation patterns in the growth.     

金杯客车空调系统的电路组成和工作原理

依据实物测绘出金杯（SY6480A2F-E）客车空调控制器内部的原理电路,列出其空调系统原理电路图。在讲述各元器件功能的基础上,着重分析在不同情况下空调系统的工作过程。     

摩托车发动机空滤器滤芯的研究(1)

空滤器滤芯是摩托车空滤器的核心和关键部件,直接影响发动机的性能,如设计不好,灰尘、砂粒、异物等会由此通过化油器进入发动机,导致不能起动或起动困难、异响(敲缸)、润滑油消耗过高、燃油消耗过高、动力不足加速性能变差.     

Frictional drag reduction with air lubricant over a super-water-repellent surface

This paper presents a new technique for reducing frictional drag using a super-water-repellent surface and air-injection (called an SWR & A technique). Its effectiveness was examined by carrying out pressure-loss measurements with a tube of rectangular cross section, along with resistance tests on a horizontal flat plate, a 7.2-m-long tanker model, and a 12-m-long high length-to-beam-ratio model ship. These test results showed that the new technique can significantly reduce the models' frictional drag; for example, the frictional resistance on the SWR surface was reduced by 80% at a speed of 4 m/s and 55% at 8 m/s. Received: October 16, 2000 / Accepted: December 4, 2000     

城市客车空调系统的合理配置

针对城市公交客车的运营特点,通过分析总结影响其空调系统的动力特性和冷量输出特性的重要因素,合理配置城市公交客车的空调系统。