某出口右盘轻型载货汽车空调系统项目开发总结

空调系统是目前江铃轻型载货汽车的标准配置,随着江铃汽车出口的增加,为满足相关国家多为右置转向盘的要求,企业开发右盘车的原动力也在增加。本文从开发一款右盘轻型载货汽车项目(N698项目,以下简称N698)出发,较全面地介绍了空调系统开发背景、开发原理、开发目标;较系统地阐述了整个空调系统的开发内容和布置形式,并对空调系统的开发进行了详细总结。     

船用空气调载系统组成及设计

半潜船主要用于海上作业(如深海钻井)及大型设备或结构物的运输,而半潜船的作业时间决定了其作业成本及对气候窗的要求。出于作业需求,空压机因自身的优势逐渐取代泵成为半潜船调载系统的首选设备。文章详细介绍了空气调载的原理、系统组成、系统设计要点以及在半潜船上的应用。     

海洋作业工程船空调设计

随着海上石油勘采、矿产资源开发的日益升温,海洋作业工程船是近几年市场需求量较大的一类船型,由于船员配置及作业环境的特殊性,空调系统的设置同常规船舶相比有其特殊的要求。同时随着造船技术的发展,人们对船舶空调系统的舒适性、经济性的要求也越来越高。该文通过4 000 t全回转起重打捞工程船空调系统设计,对此类工程作业船舶空调设计方面的一些问题进行论述,可供读者参考。     

环保节能产品在青岛地铁3号线车辆中的应用

青岛地铁3号线车辆车体和车内旅客界面的外表面喷涂水性油漆,相比溶剂性油漆,其具有环保、阻燃和视觉效果更优的特点;司机室外罩及客室座椅使用酚醛玻璃钢材料,具有优异的防火性能,在阻燃、毒性、烟雾等方面完全满足BS 6853:1999防火标准;供风单元采用无油空压机,无需添加润滑油,几乎免维护,压缩空气质量高,无需滤油装置,环保经济.这三种产品在国内地铁车辆中均为首次使用.此外,该车还使用KPB-3J矿棉作为隔热隔音材料,具有不燃、无烟、无毒的环保优势,完全满足BS 6853:1999防火标准.客室照明全部采用LED灯,其寿命长,不合铅汞,具有节能环保的特点.整车设计突出了科技、绿色、人文、创新的设计理念.     

某空压机共振故障的诊断与处理

船用设备共振状态的判断对故障诊断与处理十分重要。某空压机横向振动剧烈,为判断其是否处于共振状态,文章首先通过敲击法获得强噪声背景下的冲击响应信号,采取分时段频谱分析的方法粗略估计固有频率。然后,分别采用带通滤波和小波降噪的方法处理含噪信号,确定了系统横向一阶和二阶固有频率。其中,二阶固有频率与转频接近,从而导致共振故障。最后,采取更换隔振器的处理措施,系统横向固有频率增大70%,振动降低54.6%。     

Air transport and economic growth: a review of the impact mechanism and causal relationships

ABSTRACT

The impacts of air transport on the economy arise both directly, via activity in the aviation sector; and indirectly, via increased spending and wider economic benefits associated with improved access to resources, markets, technology and economic mass. Economic activity, in turn, supports and generates demand for air transport. Despite its potential importance, the reciprocal nature of the causal relationship between air transport and economic performance has remained somewhat understudied. This paper provides a synthesis review of the channels the aviation sector interacts with regional economy. The review focuses on quantitative studies that contribute to the state-of-the-art understandings of the causality. We find that the reciprocal causal relationship is more likely to prevail in less developed economies. For more developed economies, only one direction of the causality is recognised, which runs from air transport to economic growth. Especially substantial is the effect of airline enplanement on service-related employment. The reverse direction of the relationship is, however, not as significant as believed in a causal sense within the developed world. Therefore, cautions need to be taken when applying income elasticities (such as the elasticity of air passenger demand with respect to GDP) in air travel demand forecasting, which implicitly assumes that economic growth causally leads to air traffic increment. Based on the fundamental links between air transport and economic growth, some typical imperfections and inefficiencies in aviation markets are discussed and promising avenues for future research are proposed.     

地铁车站新型组合闭式通风空调系统

伴随着国民经济的高速增长,各个大中城市的轨道交通建设得到迅猛发展,轨道交通线路变得越来越多,从而导致地铁用地变得愈发紧张,地铁车站的附属设施经常无处可放,尤其是地铁风亭数目众多,更加难以协调布置,而这些又与地铁车站的通风空调系统紧密相关,如何科学合理地确定通风空调系统成为日益重要的研究课题。本文在总结国内外各城市地铁车站通风空调系统设计、建设、运营经验的基础上,发明了一套更加节能、更易于实施的新型组合闭式地铁车站通风空调系统。该系统具有灵活新颖、设备成熟、简化了设备布置和控制系统,减小了车站建筑面积,降低了工程造价,提供了节能运行的方案措施。该系统值得在地铁设计中大力推广、借鉴和应用,具有重大的社会效益和经济效益。     

Economic factors affecting the registration of lower CO2 emitting aircraft in Europe

We examine the various forces influencing the development and uptake of environmentally beneficial technical changes, focusing on airline technology. Within this context, we consider not only the nature of competition within the final market in which aircraft, an intermediate product, are sold, but also that of the product market itself, the commercial airline industry. The reasons for the gradual reduction in CO₂ per seat per aircraft movement in aircraft design are examined in terms of the real costs of aviation fuel, changes in the nature of the supply industry, the movement towards carbon cap-trade policies, and endogenous technical progress in the technology of the industry. The latter being taken as an empirical proxy for the role market forms play in influencing the fuel efficiency of the types of aircraft used. The results support the existence of these latter forces on the demand for aircraft types, allowing for other influences that affect aircraft technology.     

Impact of transition between signal timing plans in social cost based in delay,fuel consumption and air emissions

Significant effects of traffic congestion include the cost associated with extra travel time, fuel consumption, and gas emissions. This paper develops a mathematical function to quantify the monetary impact of transition designs between signal timing plans on users and the environment. This function offers an approach to reduce problems such as excessive travel time, pollution emissions and fuel consumption. The proposed social cost function is evaluated for various transition plans to assess the impact of the number of steps required to adjust signal timing. The relationships between delay, fuel consumption and gas emissions and the number of steps needed to achieve the transition are also analysed.     

Analysis of air traffic control operational impact on aircraft vertical profiles supported by machine learning

The Air Traffic Management system is under a paradigm shift led by NextGen and SESAR. The new trajectory-based Concept of Operations is supported by performance-based trajectory predictors as major enablers. Currently, the performance of ground-based trajectory predictors is affected by diverse factors such as weather, lack of integration of operational information or aircraft performance uncertainty.Trajectory predictors could be enhanced by learning from historical data. Nowadays, data from the Air Traffic Management system may be exploited to understand to what extent Air Traffic Control actions impact on the vertical profile of flight trajectories.This paper analyses the impact of diverse operational factors on the vertical profile of flight trajectories. Firstly, Multilevel Linear Models are adopted to conduct a prior identification of these factors. Then, the information is exploited by trajectory predictors, where two types are used: point-mass trajectory predictors enhanced by learning the thrust law depending on those factors; and trajectory predictors based on Artificial Neural Networks.Air Traffic Control vertical operational procedures do not constitute a main factor impacting on the vertical profile of flight trajectories, once the top of descent is established. Additionally, airspace flows and the flight level at the trajectory top of descent are relevant features to be considered when learning from historical data, enhancing the overall performance of the trajectory predictors for the descent phase.