Investigating the road safety management capacity: Toward a lead agency reform

An efficient management system and leadership body is one of the key requirements for a road safety improvement program. In low- and middle-income countries, the organizational structure of the management system may suffer from deficiencies weakening the institutional functions across key road safety players. Hence, it is necessary to form an inner- and inter-organization evaluation framework encompassing all the processes, events, dependencies, and causation among road safety players. In this paper, a (three-stage) system thinking approach is developed to evaluate the behavior of inter-organizational complex system and to determine major deficiencies in the role of the road safety lead agency. The first stages of the system thinking approach starts with drawing diagrams (i.e. multiple-effect and multiple-criteria trees) that allows identifying the chains of reasoning behind events or consequences. The next stage of the system thinking approach embodies the analytic network process (ANP), an advanced multi-criteria decision-making technique, which handles the lead agency capacity evaluation and helps to determine how and by what magnitude any of the players can affect the national road safety. The proposed method applies to the case of Iran, a middle-income developing country in the Middle East. Since in Iran, the Road Safety Commission (RSC) has been established as the lead agency, it was expected that RSC owns the greatest influence on the status of road safety. However, our results show that the overall influence of RSC on road safety is far less than what was expected. Subsequently, a supplementary procedure is proposed to specify institutional reforms in order to avoid such organizational inefficiencies.     

对目前交通设计工作中存在问题的思考与探讨

从工程建设管理的角度来讲,对监理行业整顿的目的是“抓管理”,对施工行业整顿的目的是“抓实体”．那么对设计行业整顿的目的就是“抓源头”。从“源头”开始进行控制,通过有效的“管理”,才能保证获得实效、优良的工程“实体”。     

Numerical Simulation and Analytical Solution of Hydraulic Fracturing in Sedimentary Rock Tunnels北大核心CSCD

In the whole process of survey, construction and operation of rock tunnels, hydraulic fracturing is a mechanical mechanism that needs to be focused. In this paper, numerical simulation for fracture damage constitutive model and analytical formula were used to study the hydraulic fracturing of stratified sedimentary rocks. Based on multi-field coupling finite element analysis software, and combining the linear elastic fracture criterion with the damage constitutive model, a seepage-stress-rock damage coupling model is redeveloped, in which micro cracks can be characterized, and applied to study the hydraulic fracturing of rock mass in the saturated seepage process. By introducing dispersed parallel micro cracks for simulating the beddings of sedimentary rocks, the sedimentary rock cylinder model was established to simulate the hydraulic fracturing behaviors under injecting water into apertures and acting of confining pressure, in order to study the fracturing failure modes and seepage distribution patterns. In addition, the quantitative relationship between the critical water pressure for initial cracking and the confining pressure, the pore diameter of specimens was discussed by changing the pore diameter and confining pressure. In order to verify the cracking initiation pressure law obtained by numerical simulation, based on the seepage theory and the basic equation of elastic mechanics, and combined with the tensile failure mode obtained in the simulation, the formula of critical water pressure for cracking initiation in the rock cylinder with uniform linear elastic seepage was derived. The results of analytical solution and numerical calculation show that the cracking initiation pressure obtained by the two methods is in good agreement with the deviation within 3%. The larger the confining pressure, the larger the cracking initiation pressure, with the approximate linear relationship. The smaller the aperture, the larger the cracking initiation pressure, with the approximate negative slope linear relationship in a certain range. At the same time, the cracking initiation pressure by the analytical solution is always slightly greater than that of the numerical solution, which reflects the impact caused by the difference of the basic material hypothesis between the analytical method and the numerical method. When the material property parameters are consistent, the cracking initiation pressure based on the assumption of ideal linear elastomer will be greater than that of the material introduced into the initial damage bedding. © 2018, Editorial Office of "Modern Tunnelling Technology". All right reserved.     

关键绩效指标(KPI)设计思想及实例

简要论述关键绩效指标(KPI)的设计思想,针对当前面临的问题,提出解决思路及办法。     

网络时代大学生心理健康教育的思考

随着现代信息技术的高速发展,人类已经进入了网络时代,网络引起的心理素质问题越来越受到人们的重视.互联网络走进大学校园,对大学生的社会心理、认知心理、交往心理、人格心理等都产生了巨大影响.在新的时代条件下探索网络对高校大学生心理健康产生的影响以及如何利用网络体现高校心理健康教育的优势,可开拓网络时代高校心理健康教育的新思路.     

关于企业计量建标思路及其意义的讨论

质量管理和计量在多功能综合工厂要素流程中,对不同功能企业的个别活动起着重要和基础的作用,以确保这些系统的实现。MFIF是一个创新的概念,是未来企业的新模式,它是为了满足顾客驱动的设计和制造的成本效益要求,实现敏捷和优化的制造生产。     

GMDSS通信业务课程建设的实践与思考

文章通过对GMDSS通信业务课程建设实践过程的回顾与总结,提出了进一步加强和完善课程建设,尤其是建设精品课程的思路与方法。     

关于汽车电气系统检修课程教学教改的思考

随着我国社会经济的不断发展,汽车产业越来越发达,社会对汽车专业人才的需求也越来越高,为此,给高校汽车专业带来了巨大的挑战.在高校的汽车类专业教学中,汽车电气系统检修时一门重要课程,不但培养学生们良好的汽车电路检修能力,同时也更好的了解汽车电气的主要功能,从而更好的为社会提供汽车类服务.但是传统的高校汽车类专业课程教学模...     

焦柳线红砂岩地质水害工点整治

针对红砂岩地质易风化崩解,遇水泥化的特点,结合焦柳铁路K670+000-K688+500段水害整治工程具体实践,分析红砂岩地质水害形成原因,提出红砂岩地质坡面防水处理、坡脚基础加固防冲刷以及合理引导地表排水防渗漏的整治方案,并对红砂岩地质条件下铁路防洪工作展开思考和建议。     

形象思维、想象与诗歌

形象思维是三类基本思维形态之一,它的基本单元是意象,基本形式是想象（联想）．想象在诗歌阅读中的作用是：把语言转换为形象,理解思想感情,领会意境．想象可分为初级阶段（联想）和高级阶段,想象在诗歌阅读和创作中的作用方式一般都是虚实的转化,虚即思想感情,实即具体形象．