Modelling the capacity of closely-spaced parallel runways using innovative approach procedures

This paper develops analytical models for calculating the ultimate arrival, departure, and mixed operation capacity of closely-spaced parallel runways. Each capacity is defined as the maximum number of corresponding aircraft operations accommodated during a given period of time (usually one or a quarter of an hour) under constant (i.e. sustained) demand for service. As combined, they enable the capacity coverage curve to be synthesized. In particular, the capacity model for arrivals assumes the use of two rather innovative approach procedures – the Staggered Approach Procedure (SGAP) and the Steeper Approach Procedure (SEAP) in combination with the baseline Conventional Approach Procedure (CNAP) under Instrument Meteorological Conditions (IMC) and Instrumental Flight Rules (IFR).The model for arrival capacity that aims to estimate potential of these procedures uses main inputs such as: the geometry of given parallel runways and innovative SGAP and SEAP, and baseline CNAP; the Air Traffic Control (ATC) minimum separation rules; aircraft fleet mix characterized by the wake-vortex categories; capability of using different ILS Glide (GS) angles; final approach speeds; and the arrival runway occupancy time. In addition, the model for departure capacity uses inputs that embrace: the ATC separation rules between successive departures; aircraft fleet mix; and corresponding runway occupancy times. Finally, the model for mixed operation capacity uses inputs such as: the ATC arrival–departure separation rules; corresponding runway occupancy times; aircraft fleet mix for each type of operations; and proportion of the arrival and departure demand.The models are applied to calculating the ultimate capacity of closely-spaced parallel runways at two large airports, one in Europe and other in the US, assuming safe use of innovative SGAP and SEAP in combination with CNAP under IMC. The output from the models consists of the corresponding capacities and their variations depending on particular inputs.     

Analytical and institutional methods and frameworks

This chapter presents a summary of the findings of the workshop on ‘Analytical and Institutional Methods and Frameworks’. The paper discusses the nature of the analytical methods used in the papers presented and the purposes for which they were employed, which were generally to either assist in the planning and operation of public transport or to monitor the efficiency and effectiveness of transport services. Subsequent sections examine issues related to data collection and management, and the more general issue of institutional arrangements. Policy and research agendas needed to support further consideration of the subject are then identified.     

对几个英语词汇的认知心理分析

从认知心理学的角度探讨词汇的心理认知机制。以arrive at为例说明词的隐喻性词义离不开人的创造性的认知操作——相似性和类比思维,是借助类比推理的结果,其变化的内在机制就是隐喻思维。相似性和类比思维合乎人们的思维规律,符合人们的心理认知机制。     

3D6751K系列流线型客车的研发

对国内7米客车市场需求进行了分析,着重阐述了黄海DD6751K系列流线型客车的总体设计思路,结构特点及主要设计参数。     

历史文化街区道路交通建设的实践及理性思考

该文首先诠释了历史文化街区的内涵,提出了在进行城市建设中必须高度关注开发和保护的问题,并以北京平安大街、广安大街、南池子历史文化保护区和北京前门地区道路交通建设为案例,详细地论述了这些工程实践中如何尊重历史,延续文脉,保护历史街区的整体风貌、格局和肌理的相关做法以及笔者的若干理性思考,以期为国内同行们提供可借鉴的经验和资料,共同创造一个和谐、共融、宜居和可持续发展的城市环境。     

武汉市水生态城市建设的战略思考

该文介绍了武汉市水生态系统的特点及面临的主要问题,并分析了问题产生的原因。阐述了水生态系统在武汉市城市建设中的地位及武汉市水生态城市建设的战略思考,并介绍了武汉市近年来水生态建设的工程和实践。     

新乡地区旧桥拓宽改建基本思路初探

该文以新乡地区某旧桥拓宽工程为示例,详细介绍了设计人员从拿到设计委托书开始到最终确定设计方案的分析全过程,概括总结了新乡地区旧桥拓宽改建的经验和基本思路。     

深入解读 重构再现——中西思维模式的主要差异及英汉翻译对策

语言、思维方式与翻译有着密不可分的关系。但长期以来,译者对源语的词汇、句式结构等关注较多,而对隐藏在其后的具有决定性的思维模式重视不够。本文通过揭示中西文化和思维模式的本质区别,简述思维差异在语言文字、句式结构和谋篇布局上的反映,强调翻译过程中思维角度的转换,并探讨了英汉翻译中语言逻辑概念的解读、重构和再现问题。     

基于约束描述的公路路线设计过程模型

公路设计问题是"定义不清晰问题",其设计过程是从设计要求和约束条件出发,逐步满足约束的过程.针对目前公路CAD系统仅从绘图和计算层面对设计师支持的现状,笔者在文中讨论了公路设计过程的典型思维方法,提出建立设计过程模型以提高公路CAD系统的支持水平,定义了基于约束描述的公路路线设计过程模型,给出了形式化描述,并以公路平面设计为例说明了模型的应用.     

劳伦斯的生态思想及其渊源

戴维.赫伯特.劳伦斯是20世纪上半叶英国最具创造个性、最有争议的重要作家之一。他对自然的依恋,对人与人、人与自然、人与社会之间关系的分析等都值得研究。劳伦斯一生都在思索探讨人类与自然的关系,其作品中此主题始终被国内外学界所关注。本文主要从劳伦斯的历史背景、文化熏陶和生活经历等方面来探讨劳伦斯的生态思想渊源,从而揭示劳伦斯的创作动机和生活态度。