公路运行速度过渡段设计方法研究

在相关运行速度理论、模型及其特征规律研究的基础上,结合公路项目设计和安全性评价实践,总结分析不同类型公路运行速度整体变化特点以及路线设计与指标选用特点,探讨提出针对不同类型公路的运行速度过渡段设计方法和速度过渡段最小长度,并总结速度过渡设计的总体原则.运行速度过渡段设计方法能够有效减小路线相邻路段间的运行速度变化,有助...     

基于车路耦合的山区道路交通安全度模型

针对山区道路交通安全现状,提出安全度概念,分析了山区道路行驶车辆的制动器不失效、车辆横向不失稳等安全性条件。并利用车辆参数、道路参数和能量平衡的原理,建立了山区车辆行驶中车路耦合的交通安全条件和安全度模型。     

天津临港工业港区吞吐量水平和船型预测

临港工业型港区与一般商港的不同之处在于港区的直接经济腹地是临港工业区,港区主要服务于临港工业区内部企业在建设和运营期间的原材料、产成品和其他货物的运输,其中部分码头泊位也提供对外商业中转运输服务.针对天津临港工业区内企业的发展需求,重点研究临港工业港区的货物种类、流量和流向的发展趋势,预测未来几年港区的到港船型和吞吐量...     

An empirical analysis on the arterial fundamental diagram

For uninterrupted traffic flow, it is well-known that the fundamental diagram (FD) describes the relationship between traffic flow and density under steady state. For interrupted traffic flow on a signalized road, it has been recognized that the arterial fundamental diagram (AFD) is significantly affected by signal operations. But little research up to date has discussed in detail how signal operations impact the AFD. In this paper, based upon empirical observations from high-resolution event-based traffic signal data collected from a major arterial in the Twin Cities area, we study the impacts of g/C ratio, signal coordination, and turning movements on the cycle-based AFD, which describes the relationship between traffic flow and occupancy in a signal cycle. By microscopically investigating individual vehicle trajectories from event-based data, we demonstrate that not only g/C ratio constrains the capacity of a signalized approach, poor signal coordination and turning movements from upstream intersections also have significant impact on the capacity. We show that an arterial link may not be congested even with high occupancy values. Such high values could result from queue build-up during red light that occupies the detector, i.e. the Queue-Over-Detector (QOD) phenomenon discussed in this paper. More importantly, by removing the impact of QOD, a stable form of AFD is revealed, and one can use that to identify three different regimes including under-saturation, saturation, and over-saturation with queue spillovers. We believe the stable form of AFD is of great importance for traffic signal control because of its ability to identify traffic states on a signal link.     

压水堆冷却剂系统协调控制方法研究

从大系统协调控制原理出发,总结已有研究成果,提出稳压器压力及主冷却剂泵转速的协调控制方法,即把负荷变化信号引入原来的控制系统,认为把协调控制方法应用到核动力装置各个系统的协调控制之中有很好的前景.     

北京地区驾驶人职业类型对交通事故的影响分析

国内当前对职业人群与交通事故关系的研究甚少,研究方法简单,文中在借鉴国外研究方法的基础上,利用描述统计、非参数检验的方法对北京市2008～2012年间的机动车事故资料进行统计与分析,以填补国内当前针对驾驶人职业特性对交通事故影响研究的空缺.非参数检验结果显示,北京地区驾驶人的职业类型对其事故数、死亡事故数、事故比例、死亡事故比例、事故责任类型均存在显著性的影响(ρ＜0.05).结果表明,农民、外来务工人员等5种职业类型驾驶人为事故高发人群.农民、自主经营者驾驶人主要发生全部责任事故,外来务工人员发生主要责任事故较多.同时,文中从教育水平角度解释了不同职业类型间交通事故发生的差异,并提出低等级教育水平驾驶人具有事故多发性、事故诱发性,应成为交通安全管理的重点对象.结合北京地区交通事故特点,简单探讨了相应的事故预防对策.     

基于路基动应力的路基工作区深度确定方法研究

鉴于考虑路面厚度和材料刚度影响的 J．Boussinesg修正公式所得的路基工作区深度过小,仅至上路床部位,与实际情况不符。提出了基于竖向路基动应力分布规律确定路基工作区深度的方法。通过比较模型试验和计算模拟在竖向动应力和动位移沿深度方向的衰变规律,发现衰变规律在路基工作区深度范围符合性较好,验证了该方法的正确性与可靠性。对典型结构组合下路基动应力与工作区深度进行计算分析,分析结果表明：在标准汽车荷载100、130 kN 作用下,路基顶面动应力为6．4～13．4 kPa,相应的工作区深度为0．6～0．9 m。在重交通和特重交通的汽车荷载170 kN、200 kN 作用下,路床顶面动应力为12～20．6 kPa,相应的工作区深度为1．0～1.2 m,已进入上路堤范围0．2～0．4 m。     

兰州市区至兰州新区中快线建设方案研究

对兰州市区至兰州新区中快线建设条件分析,研究其合理的建设方案。通过对中快线在兰州至兰州新区3条规划交通廊道的作用和定位分析,采用交通量预测、调查选线、经济估算等方法,研究了中快线建设所涉及的若干关键技术问题,指出中快线建设是十分必要的,其南端宜同时建设3条连接线与兰州市区连接,北端应与兰州新区南绕城及经十三路连接,主线宜采用120km/h设计速度、双向六车道标准,可采用城市快速路或高速公路模式建设,且通道内具有预留轻轨建设条件。     

Optimizing fare and headway to facilitate timed transfer considering demand elasticity

Fare and service frequency significantly affect transit users’ willingness to ride, as well as the supplier's revenue and operating costs. To stimulate demand and increase productivity, it is desirable to reduce the transfer time from one route to another via efficient service coordination, such as timed transfer. Since demand varies both temporally and spatially, it may not be cost-effective to synchronize vehicle arrivals on all connecting routes at a terminal. In this paper, we develop a schedule coordination model to optimize fare and headway considering demand elasticity. The headway of each route is treated as an integer-multiple of a base common headway. A discounted (reduced) fare is applied as an incentive to encourage ridership and, thus, stimulate public transit usage. The objective of the proposed coordination model is used to maximize the total profit subject to the service constraint. A numerical example is given to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed model. The results show that the optimized fare and headway may be carefully applied to yield the maximum profit. The relationship between the decision variables and model parameters is explored in the sensitivity analysis.     

重庆轨道交通供电系统与电力系统接口协调

本文通过重庆轨道交通解决牵引供电系统与电力系统在高次谐波、功率因素、继电保护配合、电调与市(地)调间的通讯等软、硬接口的实践,提出了一种经济合理的处理接口的方法,并全面地总结了接口协调的经验。