基于FSA的舰艇安全风险决策研究

舰艇装备系统结构复杂,在使用过程中,存在着各方面的安全风险。FSA是一种帮助制定合理的规则和提供可能的风险控制方案的综合性评价工具。当以维修作为风险控制的主要手段时,可以优化FSA循环的步骤,采取并行的方式,解决保障资源有限的维修决策问题。     

大型船舶航行的风险分析与风险控制

安全科学的发展要求从传统的事故管理转变为风险管理。在构建船舶航行系统风险的基础上,通过船舶航行事故统计和船舶航行作业规范化安全评估,对目前大型船舶航行的风险构成、影响因素进行定量研究,提出了大型船舶航行的风险矩阵,并就船舶航行的风险控制提出一些措施。     

汽车实用性质量评价系统（APQAS）的设计与应用

APQAS（Automobile Practical Quality Assessment System)对汽车售后服务中搜索的实用性质量信息，按汽车故障学原理分类编码建立大样本的实用性质量信息数据库，并根据《汽车产品质量检验评定》标准，运用数据统计分析方法，全面分析评价汽车产品的总体质量，设计质量和生产质量，由于APQAS的质量评价具有明显的滞后性，其不能代产品质量试验性评价，两的有机结合可以显提高产品质量评价的水平和效能。     

Assessment of policies and detection of unintended effects: Guiding principles for the consideration of methods and tools in policy-packaging

Single policies or entire policy packages are often assessed using different methods aiming at a quantification of effects as well as the detection of undesired outcomes. The knowledge of potential impacts is essential to take informed policy actions. Hence, there is a constant need for efficient assessment approaches to support policy decision-making. A broad range of such assessment methods is used in policymaking. Some of them are using quantitative data; others are characterized by qualitative information, observations or opinions. Practical experiences with transport policy prove that these methods all have their pros and cons, but none of them are able to detect the full range of effects. This leads to important questions this article deals with, such as what are the strengths and limitations of the different tools and methods for assessing impacts, and how should different approaches be integrated into the policymaking processes?We analyze the ability of assessment methods to detect different kinds of intended and unintended effects, and introduce the concepts of structurally open (mainly qualitative) and structurally closed (mainly quantitative) methods. It is argued that these concepts support making the pros and cons of the tools and methods more explicit and, thus, allow integrating the different tools and methods into the process of policy packaging. Based on a policy package example, we provide practical recommendations on how to integrate different assessment methods adequately and show that both quantitative and qualitative tools should be used in different phases of the process. The main recommendation is to alternate the application of assessment methods with structurally open methods used in the beginning and the end of the policymaking process and applying structurally closed methods in between.     

Environmentally appraising different pavement and construction scenarios: A comparative analysis for a typical local road

The aim of this work is to carry out a comparative analysis of environmental impacts for different scenarios of a typical local road. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is the modeling tool used to quantify and characterize comparative environmental impacts. In carrying out this specific application of the LCA, different road construction techniques were considered with regards to the whole structure and compared in order to identify the best alternative in terms of environmental sustainability.So far, in fact, typical LCA frameworks of roads have focused on recycled materials for pavement layers only, thus neglecting study of the materials used in the embankment or in the subgrade. In this study, these materials were included too, in order to prove the environmental benefit of using a sustainable technique such as in situ stabilization of fine soils with lime (typically dumped clayey soils) in order to reduce the need for virgin material for embankment and subgrade construction.When using different percentages of recycled materials (such as reclaimed asphalt pavement – RAP) in the bituminous layer or in the foundation, the analysis of the functional unit studied shows a significant reduction of energy consumption and pollutant emissions mainly due to transportation of materials involved, in this way increasing the environmental performance of the road.Another important consideration is that the use of fine soils stabilized with lime “in situ”, instead of dumping it, not only is a good technical solution for improving soil mechanical properties, but it also produces a reduction of energy consumption and of pollutant emissions. It is noticeable that this technique results in a significant reduction of pollutant emissions due the transportation of involved materials, increasing the environmental performance of the road.     

地铁施工临近管线安全管理及评价标准研究

基于《地铁工程施工安全评价标准》国家标准编制项目的支持,对地铁工程施工临近地下管线安全管理及评价进行研究,确定地铁施工临近地下管线安全风险管理的工作内容与要求,分析临近地下管线的调查内容、调查步骤及其变形控制标准;将地铁施工诱发临近管线安全风险划分为五个等级,提出不同安全风险等级下地下管线的保护措施;并在此基础上建立地铁工程施工临近管线安全管理体系及评价标准。     

CTCS-3级列控系统的系统评估研究

我国已经步入高速铁路时代,通过集成创新,建立符合我国国情和路情的高速铁路列控系统及系统评估体系具有非常重要的意义。论述了CTCS-3级列控系统的研究技术路线,提出了CTCS-3级列控系统的系统评估方法,对CTCS-3级列控系统的生命周期各个阶段进行有效评估,从而保证高速铁路列控系统满足高速铁路的需求。     

板梁桥在特种车辆荷载作用下的结构检测与评估

通过对桥梁在特种车辆荷载作用下的结构响应监测和理论计算分析,发现特载对该板梁桥造成的主要损害是削弱了板梁间的联结强度。最后按照相关规范对该桥在经历特种荷载后的技术状况进行了评定。     

轿车车内空气污染源的分析及其空气品质的评价方法

对轿车内的污染源作了详细的分析,并由此选择了11种污染物作为车内空气品质客观评价的评价因子。对客观评价的方法做出了规范,并给出了数据的处理办法。提出了用客观评价和主观评价相结合的办法来评价轿车内的空气品质。     

在用工业管道定期检验数据管理与安全评定系统开发

为实现在用工业管道定期检验数据管理与安全评定的计算机辅助管理,利用计算机技术开发了数据管理与安全评定系统。重点介绍了系统的研究和开发,以及系统的结构、模块和流程,并简要分析了系统的安全性和可靠性。该系统的应用将显著提高管理效率。