The importance of the use phase on the LCA of environmentally friendly solutions for asphalt road pavements

In order to assess sustainability of products and processes, different methodologies have been developed and used in the last years. In the road pavement construction area, most methodologies used for Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) are essentially focused in the construction phase. The present paper analyses the importance of the use phase of a road in the LCA of different paving alternatives, namely by evaluating energy consumption and gaseous emissions throughout the road pavement’s life. Therefore, a new LCA methodology for road pavements was developed, and the results of its application to a case study involving the construction of alternative pavement structures are discussed. The study intends to assess the influence of using more sustainable paving construction alternatives (asphalt recycling vs. conventional asphalt mixtures), and/or different surface course materials (which have a higher influence on the rolling resistance and, therefore, affect the performance during the use phase). The LCA results obtained for this case study showed that the reductions in energy consumption and gaseous emissions obtained during the use phase, for pavement alternatives with a lower rolling resistance surface course, are higher than the total amount of energy consumption and gas emissions produced during construction. It is therefore clear that some improvements in the characteristics of the surface course may have an effect over the road use phase that will rapidly balance the initial costs and gas emissions of those interventions. The LCA results obtained also showed that the sustainability of pavement construction may also be improved using recycled asphalt mixtures.     

Considering landscape in strategic transport planning

The implementation of transport infrastructure plans often has significant impacts on landscapes, especially where new roads and railroads are built. Key decisions regarding the building of new transport infrastructures are often made on a strategic level, where the long-term development of a region is determined, and before the infrastructure project actually begins. In this paper we build on previous advances in Strategic Environmental Assessment theory by linking the process-related issues of the integration of these assessments in general to landscape issues in particular; we use a multiple case study of Swedish transport planning.Results of this study indicate that the particular planning processes we looked at failed to carry out strategic landscape assessments and integrate landscape assessments in the planning process. We conclude that this can be explained by the flawed procedure of assessing landscape, the unhelpful structuring of SEA reports and by process-related issues. The idea of applying a holistic understanding of landscape, in line with the ELC, was notably absent from the studied cases. The lack of consideration of landscape as a whole can be attributed to poor use of dissipated and fragmented knowledge about landscapes as well as weaknesses in the assessment procedure. Our results indicate that the traditions of EIA are still prevalent in the practice of SEA, despite the fact that SEA theory has moved away from EIA-based methodology to become a tool for integrating environmental concerns into decision-making and for paying close attention to strategic decision processes.     

新投产车型车身的FE方法

根据上海通用有限公司ＷＣＡＲ轿车车身ＦＥ的实际过程和经验，阐述一种先进的新投产车型车身评估方法。此方法以顾客满意为车身评估的最终目标，通过ＦＥ过程减少零件模具和车身工装的修正代价，客观、准确地验证车身零件能否满足客户要求。同时，通过重复ＦＥ最终过程建造车身工装验证模板，用于车身工装的精确调整。     

大修汽车可靠性加权综合评价方法

探讨了大修汽车可靠性评价的加权综合评价方法。使大修汽车的可靠性评价由单项指标提高为综合指标，为比较不同型号大修汽车的可靠性水平提出了理论依据。该综合评价方法考虑了影响汽车使用可靠性的各种因素，使评价更全面、更合理。从应用实例可见，其结果正确、可信。     

载货汽车车内噪声的控制

介绍了汽车车内噪声的评价指标和CA1091K2L2型汽车噪声控制的研究成果。车内噪声的控制，应首先考虑抑制发动机的辐射噪声。在驾驶室密封好的前题下，应对透声严重的驾驶室围板和底板采取隔声措施，使车内噪声降到最低程度，然后再考虑吸声材料的使用以及避免驾驶室空腔共振的措施。     

国外热处理多用炉简介

通过对国内十多个使用热处理炉的用户的调研和资料分析，从技术和经济角度，论述了奥地利AICHELIN箱式多用炉、IPSEN密封式淬火炉、美国SURFACE公司的ALLCASE多用箱式炉、日本UNICASE滴注式气体渗碳炉等热处理炉的使用情况、特点及存在问题，并对其进行了评价与分析。     

散热器性能评价和标定

评价散热器性能的主要指标是散热器Ｑｎ，和空气阻力△Ｐａ，Ｑｎ数值愈大，散热效果愈好，△Ｐａ则正好相反，分析介绍了风扇功率判别法和风扇特性曲线判别法，首次提出了动压差判别法。通过对以上三种判别方法的对比分析，提出了应建立散热器模拟试验台的建议。     

Assessment of Traffic Safety State of Ship Based on Unascertained Measure

IntroductionWang[1]proposed the concept of unascertainedinformation in the research of architectural engineeringtheory, which is different from the stochastic informa-tion, the fuzzy information and the gray information.All systems containing the behavior…     

运用振型评定既有钢筋混凝土桥梁承载能力

本文提出运用过路车来测出既有钢筋混凝土桥梁动态参数，利用所得振型评定桥梁承载能力。该方法可以实现在线评定，简便易行且有很好的精度，利用该方法评定桥梁可以节约大量经费，为既有桥梁的加固提供可靠数据。