Corporatisation and Performance: A Literature Review and an Analysis of the Performance Effects of the Corporatisation of Port of Rotterdam Authority

Abstract

The ongoing process of port reform has led to an increasing number of publicly owned but corporatised port authorities (PAs). The performance effects of corporatisation have been analysed, for example, for the airports industry, often showing positive effects. This paper reviews the literature on port reform and the relationship between port governance structures and performance. It also presents a first case study on the effects of corporatisation of PAs, namely for the Port of Rotterdam Authority, a publicly owned but corporatised port development company. In 2004, this organisation was transformed from a municipal department to an independently operating company. The performance indicators to evaluate the effect of this corporatisation include market share, turnover, operating costs, profits, and investments. These indicators are evaluated for two periods, one prior to the corporatisation (1997–2003) and the other afterwards (2005–11). The comparison of these two periods shows that corporatisation has led to significant improvements of all performance indicators. The findings derived from this case study are relevant for the ongoing discussion on port governance models.     

The Next Step of Devising China's Legal Regime for Deep Seabed Mining—The Environmental Regulation under China's Deep Seabed Mining Law

The due diligence obligation of sponsoring states requires state parties to enact laws and take administrative measures to secure effective regulation of the contractors of deep seabed mining and ensure that the contractors comply with the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) and regulations issued by International Seabed Authority (ISA). China has invested significantly in the exploration and exploitation of the deep seabed resources in the Area and China enacted its deep seabed mining law (DSM Law) in 2016 to fulfill its due diligence obligation as a sponsoring state. Environmental regulation is an important part of devising the international legal regime of deep seabed mining, and the ISA has been in the process of drafting Environmental Regulations. It is the sponsoring states' obligation to ensure that the contractors comply with the environmental rules issued by the ISA. China's DSM Law has many provisions stating the environmental obligations of its contractors; however, these provisions are phrased in rather general terms. It is necessary for China to take the next step as a sponsoring state and promulgate its domestic environmental regulation under its DSM Law in order to further fulfill its due diligence obligation. A procedure-oriented approach should be adopted for drafting the environmental regulation under China's DSM Law. Ideally, the environmental regulation under China's DSM Law should specify the rights and obligations of the contractors and domestic regulatory agency, delineating the environmental measures that the contractors need to take in different stages of exploring and exploiting deep seabed resources in order to comply with the environmental rules issued by the ISA.     

关于L3自动驾驶的人机交互设计研究

随着雷达、摄像头、处理平台的软硬件提升,加上高精地图的辅助,全球越来越多的汽车公司都推出了自动驾驶车辆,覆盖Level 2~Level 3的自动驾驶场景(SAE J3016),但这些场景都需要在必要的时候由驾驶员接管车辆,因此自动驾驶汽车对人机交互设计提出了新的挑战,比如合理的接管流程,驾驶操作的监测,权责划分的提示。     

散货船隔舱重载下极限强度简易计算方法研究

散货船在装载矿石等重货时,通常只装载在奇数货舱内,这就是所谓的隔舱重载工况。在这种工况下,中间舱的双层底结构除受到总纵弯曲作用外,还会受到邻舱重货引起的局部弯曲作用,而且该局部弯曲的作用会降低中拱状态下船体梁的极限强度。文章提出了一种简易计算方法,顶边舱结构和底边舱结构可以看作两根梁,双层底结构可视作正交异性板,运用双梁理论和正交异性板理论可推导出局部弯曲的影响。然后,考虑该局部弯曲的作用,用Smith法计算船体梁的极限强度。最后,将文中方法计算的结果与FEM结果进行比较,并对结果进行了分析。     

CSR剪力修正及NAPA宏程序实现

散货船共同结构规范自2006年4月1日生效,第五章船体梁强度对散货船间隔装载和进水工况剪力修正提出了新的修正方法,正确理解该修正方法对设计者来说至关重要,使用NAPA宏程序实现此修正方法对提高设计者的计算速度和正确率大有裨益。该文阐述了作者对规范的理解,并介绍如何用NAPA宏程序实现,供设计者参考。     

智能化多功能声级计

本文介绍了以mcs—51为核心组成的声级计基本原理,并详细介绍了计权网络、倍频程滤波、有效值变换、数据采集电路以及系统软件设计。本仪器测量精度高,测量范围宽,抗扰性好,一机多用。     

PKI认证模型的现状与发展

认证系统大多基于PKI基础,作者在系统的分析和比较成熟的基于PKI的认证系统的基础上，结合认证系统及其应用需求的发展研究，提出PKI认证的一种新的设计模型。     

关于船长权力的思考

在船舶管理工作中,随着航运企业的营运市场化,必须改变传统观念对船长权力的思考,应以国际公约、规则和法律为依据,正确理解船长权力的界限,全面落实对船长的授权,保证船长具有适当的指挥资格;完全熟悉船公司的安全管理体系;能可靠地履行其职责。使船长能有效地实施船舶管理和安全运行。     

高速铁路障碍物侵限报警方式的研究

为最大可能降低障碍物侵限对运输生产组织造成影响,以提高应急处置效率为目标,根据既有高速铁路电务设备技术条件,从有效性、时效性、可靠性等方面对比分析了4种高速铁路障碍物侵限报警方式,为工程应用提供参考.     

庞巴迪EBI Screen2000列车自动监控系统

以深圳地铁龙岗线为例,详细介绍庞巴迪EBI Screen 2000列车自动监控系统的结构和功能,同时简要分析系统应用的优势与不足。