汽车精密成型技术现状与发展趋势刍议

简述了汽车精密成型技术的内涵、特点及其在汽车制造中的地位，较深入地分析了目前国内外精密冲压、精密铸造、精密锻造和精密焊接技术等汽车精密成型技术的发展现状，并指出汽车精密成型未来发展的主要趋势。     

含水原油水力计算

讨论了含水原油为牛顿流体和非牛顿流体情况下管流的水力计算。当含水原油为牛顿流体时，其压降计算按传统方法采用达西公式计算；当含水原油为非牛顿流体时，介绍了幂律流体和宾汉流体的本构方程、流态判别方法、层流和紊流压降计算公式。还介绍了含水原油为牛顿流体时黏度计算的一些经验公式，并提出了一种回归含水原油黏度(牛顿流体)、表观黏度(非牛顿流体)计算公式的新方法，将回归公式的计算结果与实测结果进行了比较。     

基于MATLAB的整车可靠性评价

本文根据某汽车公司近3年来所做的整车可靠性试验数据,借助可靠性理论方法与数理统计手段,利用matlab软件编程,分析了该厂所生产的QE6440型轻型客车的故障规律,阐述了该车质量上所存在的问题,并找出了影响其可靠性水平的主要因素,最后对提高该车型的质量提出了相应的技术对策。     

汽车电气系统研究与探讨

对车载电气系统用电量迅速增加的趋势进行了讨论，阐述了提高车载电气系统电压值的解决途径和方案，采用42V电压值的车载电气系统既能满足电器和电子设备用电功率增加的需要，又便于使用现代技术对电子、电器元件和人身进行有效保护。给出了42V电压值车载电气系统的结构布置方案，并对其实施时间作了预测。分析了采用42V电压值的车载电气系统面临的挑战和发展动向。     

HEV驱动系统的键合图建模和仿真计算

在深入研究某种混合动力汽车(HEV)驱动系统及其各单元动态特性的相互关系的基础上，运用键合图原理对该系统进行数学建模，并应用Matlab／Simulink进行仿真计算和研究。研究表明，所建模型较准确地反映HEV的动态特性，并发现由于多动力耦合中弹性与柔性耦合影响导致的载荷与运动波动，并证明调整阻尼可有效减小波动。     

紊流混摩区摩阻因数近似公式分析

根据对90号无铅汽油和0号柴油进行摩阻实验所取得的实测数据，对紊流混摩区的近似公式进行了误差的计算和比较，并分析了误差产生的主要原因。计算和分析结果表明：科尔布鲁克公式是紊流混摩区的较准确的计算公式，近似公式只适用于粗略的计算和数学分析。     

计算管路摩擦因数的便捷方法

针对摩擦因数计算的现状与存在的问题 ,提出了采用MicrosoftExcel 2 0 0 0计算摩擦因数的方法。和传统的利用莫迪图或计算机编程的方法相比 ,Excel法计算可以省去查图的麻烦和繁杂的编程过程 ,提高了工作效率和计算精度。     

成品油管输水力计算

将成品油管流摩阻因数计算公式分为适用于设计计算和适用于工况分析两类，提出立足于应用计算机，在整个紊流区用科尔布鲁克混合摩擦管公式计算的思想，并用它构建单油品输送和多油品顺序输送新型压能平衡方程，以提高计算精度和避免分区计算。     

Correlation between automotive CO, HC, NO, and PM emission factors from on-road remote sensing: implications for inspection and maintenance programs

Carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbon (HC), and nitrogen oxide (NO) emission factors (EFs) are measured with a commercial vehicle emissions remote sensing system (VERSS) during a large-scale vehicle exhaust emissions study in Las Vegas. Particulate matter (PM) EFs are simultaneously measured for individual vehicles with a newly developed PM-VERSS based on ultraviolet backscatter light detection and ranging (Lidar). The effectiveness of CO and HC EFs as proxy for NO and PM EFs for spark-ignition vehicles is evaluated. Poor correlations were found between EFs for pollutants on an individual vehicle basis indicating that high EFs for one or more pollutants cannot be used as a predictor of high EFs for other pollutants. Stronger functional relationships became evident after averaging the EF data in bins based on rank-order of a single pollutant EF. Low overlap between the highest 10% emitters for CO, HC, NO, and PM was found. These results imply that for an effective reduction of the four pollutants, inspection and maintenance (I/M) programs, including clean screening, should measure all four pollutants individually. Fleet average CO and HC concentrations determined by gaseous VERSS were compared with fleet average CO and HC concentrations measured at low-idle and at high-idle during local I/M tests for spark-ignition vehicles. The fleet average CO concentrations measured by I/M tests at either idle were about half of those measured by remote sensing. The fleet average high-idle HC concentration measured by I/M tests was about half of that measured by VERSS while low-idle I/M and VERSS HC average concentrations were in better agreement. For a typical vehicle trip, most of the fuel is burned during non-idle conditions. I/M measurements collected during idling conditions may not be a good indicator of a vehicle’s potential to be a high emitter. VERSS measurements, when the vehicle is under a load, should more effectively identify high emitting vehicles that have a large contribution to the mobile emissions inventory.     

汽车轮胎结构非线性有限元分析

本文综述了轮胎力学的发展历史与现状，阐明了轮胎结构分析的几各主要方法、研究内容及其优缺点，并重点介绍了在子午三维非线性有限元结构分析方面的工作，包括轮胎的充气，竖直加载、稳态滚动、滚动阻力及温度场分析，给出了相应的算例。由于采用一些新的方法和技术，考虑了更真实的轮胎材料模型，结构和载荷，使得分析更为有效、精确，分析结果可作为轮胎的设计，试验与改进的依据。