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101.
This paper focuses on the evaluation processes by which decisions regarding transportation alternatives can be assisted. A multidimensional approach usually called multiple criteria decision making is required to represent the complexity of transportation policy and systems. The multiple criteria decision making techniques can be divided into two groups. The first is based on a ranking scheme approach and the second on a mathematical programming approach. A multiple objective mathematical programming procedure known as Goal Programming is presented. The authors examined the use of that procedure in real transportation problems. The results suggest that multiple objective mathematical programming techniques in general do not appear to be appropriate in transportation policy analysis involving mutually exclusive alternatives. Their use can be limited to special cases in the private sector. 相似文献
102.
This paper studies the impact of service frequency and reliability on the choice of departure time and the travel cost of transit users. When the user has (α, β, γ) scheduling preferences, we show that the optimal head start decreases with service reliability, as expected. It does not necessarily decrease with service frequency, however. We derive the value of service headway (VoSH) and the value of service reliability (VoSR), which measure the marginal effect on the expected travel cost of a change in the mean and in the standard deviation of headways, respectively. The VoSH and the VoSR complete the value of time and the value of reliability for the economic appraisal of public transit projects by capturing the specific link between headways, waiting times, and congestion. An empirical illustration is provided, which considers two mass transit lines located in the Paris area. 相似文献
103.
An adjoint 1-D model was used to determine vertical diffusivity coefficients from temperature profiles collected within a filament escaping from the Galician coast following an upwelling event. The optimisation scheme ended with relatively high diffusivity values within the thermocline (9×10−5 m2 s−1). Such high values are relevant for biogeochemical exchanges between surface and deep waters in stratified areas.The optimised values were several orders of magnitude higher than the bulk of diffusivity measurements recorded with a free-falling device; however, the optimisation solution was consistent with the arithmetic mean of the measurements in the thermocline (7.7×10−5 m2 s−1), giving more weight to the few largest values. Below the thermocline, the data assimilation method failed because of the three-dimensional nature of the advective field of the upwelling system. Ignoring this advective forcing in the model led to estimates that were two orders of magnitude too high.The results suggest that turbulent mixing is a random process where a few intense events determine the average mixing that drives the long-term evolution of the water column structure. This statistical property is very important when one wants to use instantaneous diffusivity measurements for modelling purposes. 相似文献
104.
多尺度图像边缘检测技术在车辆识别中的应用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
指出了图像边缘检测的定义及现有算法的不足,并对Canny边缘检测离散准则及该准则下的最优线性滤波器进行了论述。根据边缘检测离散准则,利用数值方法求出该准则下边缘检测的最优线性滤波器及对应的平滑算子,将其与Canny边缘检测技术相结合进行边缘检测,检测出不同尺度下多幅边缘图像,并根据小尺度下图像边缘细节信息丰富、边缘定位精度高,大尺度下图像边缘稳定、抗噪性好等特点,将检测到的多尺度边缘进行融合,得到抗噪性好的精确的单像素宽边缘;同时将该方法应用于汽车特征提取,检测到完整连续的汽车边缘图像,为车型识别提供条件。试验结果表明:该方法不仅能准确检测出图像边缘,而且能有效地抑制噪声,是边缘检测的实用方法。 相似文献
105.
106.
汽车传动系最优匹配评价指标的探讨 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
本文探讨了汽车动力传动系统最优匹配的评价指标,提出了动力性发挥程度的评价指标——驱动功率损失率、经济性发挥程度的评价指标——有效效率利用率、用能量效率指标来统一汽车动力性与燃油经济性指标,并以上述三个指标作为动力传动系统最优匹配的评价指标。 相似文献
107.
汽车发动机性能指标的优选方法 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文提出了一种优选汽车发动机性能指标的方法,即在给定汽车底盘参数,整车性能和汽车车行驶条件下,应用本文提出的方法可以优选汽车发动机最大功率及其相应转速,最大扭矩及其相应转速和发动机排量,这为汽车设计或改进设计时发动机的选型提供依据。 相似文献
108.
键合图理论在汽车系统分析与控制中的应用 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
本文分析了键合图理论特点,简介了键合图基本原理及国内外发展概况,重点论述了键合图理论在汽车系统分析与控制的建模和仿真的应用。 相似文献
109.
复杂载荷下曲轴疲劳强度的可靠性 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
针对目前发动机曲轴疲劳可靠性设计方法法中存在的不足,通过对曲轴疲劳试验程序载荷谱及P-σ-N曲线的研究,提出出用程序载荷谱测定了P-σ-N曲线,并应用疲劳损伤等交理论对承受复杂载荷的贡轴进行可靠性设计的新方法。 相似文献
110.
通过在浮动制动底板上安装液动力缸的方法,可以将汽车的行驶动能部分地转化为制动器动力源,使制动过程不再消耗和依赖于发动机的动力实现能量回收利用。该装置结构简单、性能可靠,有显著的节能效果。对该装置的特点和工作过程进行了分析。 相似文献