城市道路网可行性研究中CIVIL 3D应用浅谈

以武汉航空企业总部区域市政配套工程(四期)为例,采用AutoCAD Civil 3D计算道路和场地土石方,并与传统设计软件EICAD进行了比较。对Civil 3D的运用进行了简单的探索。     

宜昌市夜明珠路总体方案研究

结合宜昌BRT(快速公交系统)建设对宜昌市夜明珠路进行改造,受众多因素控制,道路改造难度较高。介绍了工程建设条件及总体设计方案。总体方案结合路线两侧现状地形、控制因素等不同特点,将路线分为沿河线段和合流线段两个典型路段,并进行方案比选,综合各方面因素,得出了推荐方案。     

扎（木）墨（脱）公路病害分析与处治

文章结合扎墨简易公路便道整修工程实践,介绍了扎墨公路沿线地质的工程特性、分类以及该路线上的公路病害情况,提出了相应的病害处治措施及在扎墨公路沿线区域进行公路工程施工应注意的问题。     

山区高速公路弃渣体物理力学特性试验研究

公路弃土场是一种特殊的人工堆积体,对其进行稳定性分析与评价需要掌握弃渣体的物理力学指标。文章以厦蓉高速公路水都段典型弃土场弃渣体为研究对象,介绍采用现场试验和室内试验方法,对弃渣体的最大干密度和抗剪强度等参数进行研究。通过研究得到：不同颗粒成分弃渣体的最大干密度不同,但在通常推填方式下,弃渣体的强度指标基本不受压实度控制。     

旧路加宽路面纵向开裂原因分析与防治

针对公路改建工程中出现的沥青路面纵向开裂这一常见现象,结合省道改建工程的设计特点与施工要点,重点就加宽路基部位与路面各结构层的施工质量控制方面进行分析和阐述,提出施工控制方法及相应的处理措施。     

Developing an enhanced weight-based topological map-matching algorithm for intelligent transport systems

Map-matching (MM) algorithms integrate positioning data from a Global Positioning System (or a number of other positioning sensors) with a spatial road map with the aim of identifying the road segment on which a user (or a vehicle) is travelling and the location on that segment. Amongst the family of MM algorithms consisting of geometric, topological, probabilistic and advanced, topological MM (tMM) algorithms are relatively simple, easy and quick, enabling them to be implemented in real-time. Therefore, a tMM algorithm is used in many navigation devices manufactured by industry. However, existing tMM algorithms have a number of limitations which affect their performance relative to advanced MM algorithms. This paper demonstrates that it is possible by addressing these issues to significantly improve the performance of a tMM algorithm. This paper describes the development of an enhanced weight-based tMM algorithm in which the weights are determined from real-world field data using an optimisation technique. Two new weights for turn-restriction at junctions and link connectivity are introduced to improve the performance of matching, especially at junctions. A new procedure is developed for the initial map-matching process. Two consistency checks are introduced to minimise mismatches. The enhanced map-matching algorithm was tested using field data from dense urban areas and suburban areas. The algorithm identified 96.8% and 95.93% of the links correctly for positioning data collected in urban areas of central London and Washington, DC, respectively. In case of suburban area, in the west of London, the algorithm succeeded with 96.71% correct link identification with a horizontal accuracy of 9.81 m (2σ). This is superior to most existing topological MM algorithms and has the potential to support the navigation modules of many Intelligent Transport System (ITS) services.     

大厚度半刚性基层层间结合技术室内试验研究

文章通过室内直剪试验,对大厚度水泥稳定碎石基层上下层结合状态进行研究,分析了大厚度水泥稳定碎石基层上下层浇筑间隔时间、养生时间及水泥浆用量对层间抗剪性能的影响,并提出了最佳施工工艺。     

A stochastic model of traffic flow: Theoretical foundations

In a variety of applications of traffic flow, including traffic simulation, real-time estimation and prediction, one requires a probabilistic model of traffic flow. The usual approach to constructing such models involves the addition of random noise terms to deterministic equations, which could lead to negative traffic densities and mean dynamics that are inconsistent with the original deterministic dynamics. This paper offers a new stochastic model of traffic flow that addresses these issues. The source of randomness in the proposed model is the uncertainty inherent in driver gap choice, which is represented by random state dependent vehicle time headways. A wide range of time headway distributions is allowed. From the random time headways, counting processes are defined, which represent cumulative flows across cell boundaries in a discrete space and continuous time conservation framework. We show that our construction implicitly ensures non-negativity of traffic densities and that the fluid limit of the stochastic model is consistent with cell transmission model (CTM) based deterministic dynamics.     

Vulnerability analysis for large-scale and congested road networks with demand uncertainty

To assess the vulnerability of congested road networks, the commonly used full network scan approach is to evaluate all possible scenarios of link closure using a form of traffic assignment. This approach can be computationally burdensome and may not be viable for identifying the most critical links in large-scale networks. In this study, an “impact area” vulnerability analysis approach is proposed to evaluate the consequences of a link closure within its impact area instead of the whole network. The proposed approach can significantly reduce the search space for determining the most critical links in large-scale networks. In addition, a new vulnerability index is introduced to examine properly the consequences of a link closure. The effects of demand uncertainty and heterogeneous travellers’ risk-taking behaviour are explicitly considered. Numerical results for two different road networks show that in practice the proposed approach is more efficient than traditional full scan approach for identifying the same set of critical links. Numerical results also demonstrate that both stochastic demand and travellers’ risk-taking behaviour have significant impacts on network vulnerability analysis, especially under high network congestion and large demand variations. Ignoring their impacts can underestimate the consequences of link closures and misidentify the most critical links.