Dynamic simulations of the freight three-piece bogie motion in curve

A loaded freight vehicle with two three-piece bogies is modelled using the accessible mathematical software MATLAB. The results are compared with its corresponding ADAMS/Rail dynamic multibody simulation model, where similar derailment factors are encountered for the freight vehicle. Both models reveal that the possibility of derailment increases immediately after entering and at the end of the curve – signifying the beginning and the end of the curve as two major points for derailment. Although a three-piece bogie construction is rather simple, its mathematical model proves to be very complex and is nonlinear due to the reported frictional contact at the rail/wheel interface as well as the friction wedges. This research is stimulated by bogie derailments that have occurred in the Iranian railways as well as those in the rest of the world.     

A new method of identification of equivalent suspension and damping rates of full-vehicle model

ABSTRACT

The equivalent spring and damper are often used to simplify the dynamic analysis of a nonlinear full-vehicle model. Clearly, those rates are strongly influenced by the kinematics of a suspension mechanism. This paper presents a new approach to the identification of the equivalent suspension and damping rates. The suspension is considered as a 1-degree-of-freedom (DOF) spatial parallel mechanism. The instantaneous kinestatic relations of the 1-DOF spatial parallel mechanism can be described using the theory of screws. The process of identification of the rates involves three steps: first, the joint positions of the suspension are found from the displacement analysis of the suspension mechanism. Second, the motion of each wheel of four suspension mechanisms is represented by the corresponding instantaneous screw at any instant. Third, the equivalent suspension and damping rates are determined from the kinestatic relations of the instantaneous screw. These rates are used for the dynamic analysis of the nonlinear full-vehicle model consisting of two pairs of the front (double-wishbone) and rear (multi-link) suspensions. Two dynamic behaviours of a car are analysed and compared with the simulation utilising the Adams/View software.     

铁道车辆垂向主动悬挂的预见控制

以4轴客车为研究对象,建立4轴客车车辆的6自由度垂向主动悬挂的动力学模型。主动悬挂的常规控制策略往往对系统本身因素所引起的响应滞后问题表现出无所适从,因此,借助测定的未来目标信号或外扰,对主动悬挂设计一个预见控制器来抑制车辆系统的垂向振动。研究结果表明,采用预见控制策略使车体的垂向振动加速度响应幅值降低60%,转向架的垂向振动加速度响应幅值降低30%左右,同时系统可按设定目标值预见步数为20提前作出响应。     

基于神经网络控制的半主动空气悬架仿真研究

以某空气悬架大客车1/4车辆模型为仿真对象,设计了模型参考神经网络自适应控制器,并以正弦和随机输入为路面激励,以簧载质量垂直方向振动加速度值为控制量,对模型进行了计算机仿真,从簧载质量加速度时间历程可以看出神经网络控制器对工况和结构参数的变化具有较好的自适应能力.     

永磁和电磁构成的混合式悬浮系统研究

永久磁铁和常导线圈构成的混合式悬浮系统,悬浮能耗小,可实现大气隙悬浮。本文建立了该混合悬浮系统的数学模型,分析了它的一些性质,采用定气隙控制指标,设计了使系统稳定的控制器,并对所设计的控制器进行了仿真。仿真结果表明,这种混合式悬浮系统可以通过控制实现大气隙、低能耗的稳定悬浮。     

钢丝螺套技术在电力机车上的应用

钢丝螺套技术是一种特殊的连接紧固技术,可有效改善螺栓的连接条件。文章介绍了钢丝螺套技术的特点,着重探讨了钢丝螺套在电力机车铝合金顶盖、电机吊座等部件上的应用。     

Ride dynamic evaluations and design optimisation of a torsio-elastic off-road vehicle suspension

The ride dynamic characteristics of a novel torsio-elastic suspension for off-road vehicle applications are investigated through field measurements and simulations. A prototype suspension was realised and integrated within the rear axle of a forestry skidder for field evaluations. Field measurements were performed on forestry terrains at a constant forward speed of 5 km/h under the loaded and unloaded conditions, and the ride responses were acquired in terms of accelerations along the vertical, lateral, roll, longitudinal and pitch axes. The measurements were also performed on a conventional skidder to investigate the relative ride performance potentials of the proposed suspension. The results revealed that the proposed suspension could yield significant reductions in magnitudes of transmitted vibration to the operator seat. Compared with the unsuspended vehicle, the prototype suspended vehicle resulted in nearly 35%, 43% and 57% reductions in the frequency-weighted rms accelerations along the x-, y- and z-axis, respectively. A 13-degree-of-freedom ride dynamic model of the vehicle with rear-axle torsio-elastic suspension was subsequently derived and validated in order to study the sensitivity of the ride responses to suspension parameters. Optimal suspension parameters were identified using the Pareto technique based on the genetic algorithm to obtain minimal un-weighted and frequency-weighted rms acceleration responses. The optimal solutions resulted in further reduction in the pitch acceleration in the order of 20%, while the reductions in roll and vertical accelerations ranged from 3.5 to 6%.     

自锚式悬索桥地震响应分析

为了研究自锚式悬索桥的地震响应规律,首先根据桥址场地特征确定目标反应谱;其次基于傅里叶变换和小波函数法得到与目标谱一致的人工合成地震动;最后将人工合成地震动作为悬索桥有限元模型中地震动输入,基于非线性有限元软件SAP2000进行非线性动力时程响应分析.结果 表明:桥塔塔底的弯矩和剪力响应大小与相邻跨的桥墩数量相关,桥墩数越多,桥塔的弯矩和剪力越大(增幅超5％);不同桥塔顶部位移响应规律相似,但极值处的大小和相邻跨的桥墩数相关.相邻桥墩数量多的1号塔位移最大值比2号塔的位移最大值小0.44％.即塔桥相邻的桥墩数量越多,其内力响应越大,位移响应越小.使用的优化人工地震波对应的反应谱与设计反应谱的最大误差为9％.此研究结论可为大跨度悬索桥的抗震设计提供参考.     

悬索桥成桥主缆线形计算的分段悬链线法

根据悬索桥的受力特点,发展了悬索桥成桥主缆线形计算的精确方法———分段悬链线法。本方法采用解析表达式、用数值迭代计算法解决给定的问题,是一种精确的方法。本文的方法不存在用有限元法或传统的抛物曲线、悬链曲线法计算时的那种假设误差,它根据力学平衡条件和变形相容条件确定各部分的索力和曲线形状,自动计入了索曲线的所有非线性。     

空气弹簧分组方式对磁浮列车电磁悬浮力分布均匀性的影响

为了研究空气弹簧分组方式对磁浮列车电磁悬浮力分布均匀性的影响,文章以四点称重和三点称重两种分组方式为例,对比分析了库内静态悬浮、平直道运行和曲线道运行等工况下的悬浮电流.分析结果显示,三点称重分组方式下,磁浮列车空气弹簧的压力均衡性和电磁悬浮力分布均匀性更好.