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61.
回顾了2010年世界船舶市场的发展,并对未来船舶市场进行了预测。随着世界经济的复苏,2010年航运市场出现反弹,虽然全年呈现震荡格局,但整体好于2009年,散货船、油船、集装箱船年平均运价均高于上年,特别是集装箱船年平均运价比上年高出一倍多。与此同时,三大船型建造市场出现轮动效应,上半年散货船引导造船市场,下半年行情有所下滑,油船订单则从第二季度开始增加,而沉寂许久的集装箱船建造市场在下半年也开始出现大量新订单。预计2011年的船舶市场将难以维持2010年的繁荣局面,但集装箱船建造市场和海工装备有望延续2010年下半年出现的良好市场行情。 相似文献
62.
城际客流具有时段分布不均衡特点,表现为高峰时段一票难求而低峰时段客座率低。为均衡客流、提高城际高铁收益,选取客运通道内不同时段车次进行差别定价。考虑旅客选择行为的差异性和有限理性,采用潜在类别分析对旅客进行分类,选取票价和时段价值两个影响因素,
建立双参照点的旅客平行车次产品效用模型,以累积前景值刻画异质旅客对平行车次的出行效用。基于累积前景值构建以铁路企业收益最大,旅客广义出行费用最小的分时定价双层规划模型,设计基于灵敏度分析的启发式算法求解。最后以南宁-北海为例对高峰、非高峰时段平行列车进行实例分析,结果表明,本文提出的分时定价方法能提升收益约2.5%,且高峰、非高峰时段的客流更加均衡。 相似文献
63.
基于目前的半导体制造技术,LED输入功率中只有大约15%的能量转化为光能,其它的则转化热能,如果LED散热问题解决不好,输出光功率减小,加速芯片蜕化,寿命缩短,不能突显灯具的优势。文章在某轿车现有前照灯组合结构的基础上,制作了LED汽车前照灯样灯。介绍了热管散热器的导热和散热方式,仿真和测试结果表明散热效果较好,指出热管散热器存在一定的局限性,散热方式应该向智能散热方向发展。 相似文献
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65.
This paper develops an integrated model to characterize the market penetration of autonomous vehicles (AVs) in urban transportation networks. The model explicitly accounts for the interplay among the AV manufacturer, travelers with heterogeneous values of travel time (VOTT), and road infrastructure capacity. By making in-vehicle time use more leisurely or productive, AVs reduce travelers’ VOTT. In addition, AVs can move closer together than human-driven vehicles because of shorter safe reaction time, which leads to increased road capacity. On the other hand, the use of AV technologies means added manufacturing cost and higher price. Thus, traveler adoption of AVs will trade VOTT savings with additional out-of-pocket cost. The model is structured as a leader (AV manufacturer)-follower (traveler) game. Given the cost of producing AVs, the AV manufacturer sets AV price to maximize profit while anticipating AV market penetration. Given an AV price, the vehicle and routing choice of heterogeneous travelers are modeled by combining a multinomial logit model with multi-modal multi-class user equilibrium (UE). The overall problem is formulated as a mathematical program with complementarity constraints (MPCC), which is challenging to solve. We propose a solution approach based on piecewise linearization of the MPCC as a mixed-integer linear program (MILP) and solving the MILP to global optimality. Non-uniform distribution of breakpoints that delimit piecewise intervals and feasibility-based domain reduction are further employed to reduce the approximation error brought by linearization. The model is implemented in a simplified Singapore network with extensive sensitivity analyses and the Sioux Falls network. Computational results demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the solution approach and yield valuable insights about transportation system performance in a mixed autonomous/human driving environment. 相似文献
66.
Real time monitoring of driver attention by computer vision techniques is a key issue in the development of advanced driver assistance systems. While past work mostly focused on structured feature-based approaches, characterized by high computational requirements, emerging technologies based on iconic classifiers recently proved to be good candidates for the implementation of accurate and real-time solutions, characterized by simplicity and automatic fast training stages.In this work the combined use of binary classifiers and iconic data reduction, based on Sanger neural networks, is proposed, detailing critical aspects related to the application of this approach to the specific problem of driving assistance. In particular it is investigated the possibility of a simplified learning stage, based on a small dictionary of poses, that makes the system almost independent from the actual user.On-board experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of the approach, even in case of noise and adverse light conditions. Moreover the system proved unexpected robustness to various categories of users, including people with beard and eyeglasses. Temporal integration of classification results, together with a partial distinction among visual distraction and fatigue effects, make the proposed technology an excellent candidate for the exploration of adaptive and user-centered applications in the automotive field. 相似文献
67.
68.
港口竞争的市场结构与竞争行为分析 总被引:8,自引:2,他引:6
目前,港口竞争研究已成为一个热点问题。为此,本文首先对港口竞争的范围作了界定,在此基础上,剖析了两种不同类型的港口竞争的市场结构,最后对不同市场结构下的港口竞争行为进行了分析。 相似文献
69.
70.
邓小平创新市场经济理论的方法论特征探析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
邓小平对市场经济理论的创新有三个主要标志,即论证了社会主义和市场经济可以兼容,为中国的经济改革取向提供了理论前提;阐释了社会主义市场经济的开放性特征,为中国融入世界经济开辟了理论通道;提出了法制建设是发展社会主义市场经济的重要保障。邓小平创新市场经济理论的方法论特征表现为:彻底的唯物主义世界观;准确把握事物普遍联系和永恒发展的原理;高超地运用了辩证唯物主义的认识论及辨证运动原理。 相似文献