汽车橡胶制品的发展和国内市场分析

汽车橡胶制品一般是指除轮胎以外的各种橡胶制品。主要包括各种胶管、传动带（V带、同步带）、密封制品（油封、密封条、垫圈等）、减振橡胶及安全制品等多种橡胶产品。随着人们对汽车的安全性、动力性、舒适性的日益重视,橡胶制品也凸显出其重要性。中国汽车工业的快速发展给橡胶制品行业带来了广阔的市场前景和机遇。文章介绍了汽车橡胶制品的品种和发展动向,分析了国内市场的现状,提出了发展建议。     

港口竞争的市场结构与竞争行为分析

目前，港口竞争研究已成为一个热点问题。为此，本文首先对港口竞争的范围作了界定，在此基础上，剖析了两种不同类型的港口竞争的市场结构，最后对不同市场结构下的港口竞争行为进行了分析。     

中国修船业的发展分析

世界修船中心逐渐东移,中国修船市场占全球修船市场的份额在逐步加大。然而,中国修船企业管理水平较差,船舶改装工程项目业务水平不高,制约和妨碍了中国修船业的发展。通过对修船业未来发展趋势和中国修船企业现状的分析,对中国修船企业的发展提出建议。     

邓小平创新市场经济理论的方法论特征探析

邓小平对市场经济理论的创新有三个主要标志,即论证了社会主义和市场经济可以兼容,为中国的经济改革取向提供了理论前提；阐释了社会主义市场经济的开放性特征,为中国融入世界经济开辟了理论通道；提出了法制建设是发展社会主义市场经济的重要保障。邓小平创新市场经济理论的方法论特征表现为：彻底的唯物主义世界观；准确把握事物普遍联系和永恒发展的原理；高超地运用了辩证唯物主义的认识论及辨证运动原理。     

Ergonomic and biomechnical analysis of automotive general assembly using XML and digital human models

Automotive general assembly requires many manual assembly operations to be carried out by human workers. Ergonomic analysis is an important part of the design and evaluation of products, jobs, tools, machines and environments for safe, comfortable and effective human functioning. Most recent researches have involved the evaluation of working conditions to prevent work-related musculoskeletal disorders. The majority of previous research on automotive companies has mainly considered the results of ergonomic analyses such as RULA (Rapid Upper Limb Assessment), REBA (Rapid Entire Body Assessment) and OWAS (Ovako Working Posture Analysis System). Analysis of static posture including reachability, clearances for arm, hand and tool has also been used to evaluate working conditions. However, in addition to static posture analysis, a biomechanical analysis in dynamic conditions should also be conducted. There are no integrated frameworks or standard schema for ergonomic analysis using digital human models in digital environments. The purpose of this paper is to propose a new framework for the evaluation of working conditions by ergonomic and biomechanical analysis using digital models based on XML standard schema, including: products, processes, manufacturing resources and human workers. This paper presents the analysis results using the proposed framework for automotive general assembly operations. We propose a new framework for the evaluation of the assembly operations and their environments. Then we apply a digital human model to the dynamic simulation of general automotive assembly operations based on standard schemas in XML and PPRH (Product, Process, Resource and Human). Using PPRH information based on a standard XML schema to analyze the ergonomic and biomechanical results, the engineer can visualize, analyze and improve assembly operations and working environments in automotive general assembly shops using digital models.     

Thermal design of automobile exhaust based thermoelectric generators: Objectives and challenges

The potential for thermoelectric power generation (via waste heat recovery onboard automobiles) to displace alternators and/or provide additional charging to a vehicle battery pack has increased with recent advances in thermoelectric material processing. In gasoline fueled vehicles (GFVs), about 40% of fuel energy is wasted in exhaust heat, while a smaller amount of energy (30%) is ejected through the engine coolant. Therefore, exhaust-based thermoelectric generators (ETEG) have been a focus for GFV applications since the late 1980s. The conversion efficiency of modern thermoelectric materials has increased more than three-fold in the last two decades; however, disputes as to the thermal design of ETEG systems has kept their overall efficiency at limited and insufficient values. There are many challenges in the thermal design of ETEG systems, such as increasing the efficiency of the heat exchangers (hot box and cold plate), maintaining a sufficient temperature difference across the thermoelectric modules during different operating conditions, and reducing thermal losses through the system as a whole. This paper focuses on a review of the main aspects of thermal design of ETEG systems through various investigations performed over the past twenty years. This paper is organized as follows: first, the construction of a typical ETEG is described. The heat balance and efficiency of ETEG are then discussed. Then, the third section of this paper emphasizes the main objectives and challenges for designing efficient ETEG systems. Finally, a review of ETEG research activities over the last twenty years is presented to focus on methods used by the research community to address such challenges.     

区域综合客运通道多方式竞争力博弈模型

为了研究综合客运通道内多方式价格竞争对市场分担率与利润的影响, 基于非集计NL模型与博弈理论, 构建了各客运方式市场分担率与运输价格关系的双矩阵博弈模型。以成渝通道为基础, 研究了高速铁路和高速公路大巴2种典型运输方式不同情景下的市场竞争均衡价格与分担率的变化特征。分析结果表明: 在采用双矩阵博弈模型所计算的均衡价格条件下, 高速铁路和高速公路大巴平均市场分担率分别增加了56.15%和80.58%, 有利于发挥二者的规模效益; 当出行模式结构相同时, 时间价值的变化会影响运营利润和市场分担率, 随着时间价值系数的增大, 高速铁路的平均运营利润增加34.60%, 平均市场分担率增加9.98%, 同时高速公路大巴平均运营利润减少29.70%, 平均市场分担率减少3.49%;对于出行时间处于劣势的高速公路大巴, 适当降低票价有利于增加营运利润; 该博弈模型的计算结果符合区域综合运输通道客运市场实际变化规律, 高速铁路和高速公路大巴不可能通过无限制降价的方式来追求最大利润, 运营利润都呈现先增后减的趋势, 在某个价格下运营利润最大; 该博弈模型具有价格均衡解, 在外界情况变化时, 通过博弈高速铁路和高速公路大巴价格可以达到利润最优状态。     

韩国财阀产生的制度环境

财阀的发展并不是孤立的,而是与当时的韩国经济环境存在着密切的联系。而当时的韩国市场结构是一种寡头垄断市场,但它不是自发产生的,而是一种人为创造的。本文将从揭示传统的寡头垄断市场的共同特点着手,分析政府在其发展过程中所担任的角色,以及因为政府的插入而给财阀的产生带来的一系列与众不同的特征,表明财阀在这样的条件下是如何通过资本、劳动力、技术进步和企业家才能四个经济增长要素来发展壮大并实现韩国经济赶超的。     

国家助学贷款资产证券化制度设计研究

在2004年的国家助学贷款新政策背景下,尽管出现了许多利好方面,仍存在一些尚未解决的问题。而完整的国家助学贷款市场应当是由一级市场和二级市场组成的一个有序开放式的市场体系：一级市场是创造国家助学贷款形成借贷关系的市场,二级市场是创造国家助学贷款债权转让的市场。资产证券化是我国目前解决问题、完善市场、金融创新的重要选择,这项选择不仅很有必要,且基本具备了可行条件。当然,我国如果进行国家助学贷款资产证券化,还需要建立良好的征信制度和其它保障制度。     

公路客运市场退出影响因素实证分析

通过对广东省公路客运企业和政府主管部门的问卷调查,采用因子分析方法,从影响客运市场退出的相关主体及相关行为中筛选出关键变量．运用非参数检验过程,就各关键变量对退出的影响程度进行比较,最终得出驾驶员和承包经营人的相关行为对公路客运市场退出最具影响的结论,为政府部门进行行业管理和政策制定提供了实证依据．