分段线性变参数控制在数字式自动找平控制系统中的应用

为了验证分段线性变参数控制在自动找平控制系统中的应用前景,对自动找平控制系统的结构、控制方式进行了介绍;分析了分段线性控制方式的工作原理及特点,在实验室建立了沥青混凝土摊铺机数字式自动找平控制系统试验台,设计了3套试验方案,即普通电磁阀方案、高速开关阀方案和分段线性控制方案;对这3种控制方案进行了试验比较,得出了在阶跃干扰作用下,3种控制方案的响应速度及产生超调时的超调量。结果表明:分段线性控制方案具有较快的响应速度,但在系统产生超调时,其超调量相对较大。     

车用催化器结构因素对流速分布的影响

车用催化器的速度分布特性对催化器和发动机的性能有很大影响。本文在气道稳流实验台上利用三孔结托管测量了不同结构催化器的速度分布，并进行了细胞致的对比分析。研究表明：张张角越大，流速分布越不均匀，但锥角超过一定值后，对流速分布的影响减弱；斜扩张管催化器的速度分布性相同长度直扩张管催化器；球形端面载体的速度分布均匀性要好于常平端面载体；载体安装位置扩张管越远，流速分布越均匀。     

发动机测控试验台控制方法研究

介绍了利用专家自整定PID(比例、积分、微分 )控制器代替常规PID控制器 ,应用于发动机试验台中 ,使得试验台控制性能有了较大的提高 ,能满足发动机台架试验的要求。     

基于客户订单的汽车物流整合方法

通过供应链物流整合,对按照订单生产(MTO)环境下汽车交付提前期(OTD)的压缩问题进行了研究。客户订单经处理后形成生产、采购和分销计划,并作为物流集成的基础。基于计划信息,通过对汽车物流流程的设计,实现供应物流和分销物流的集成。根据汽车零部件配送数量和频率,结合供应商的分布,通过集配、M ilkrun和同步供应等方法的整合实现供应物流集成。最后,从时间角度对MTO环境下的分销网络进行了重新规划。在分销物流外包的基础上,通过调度与优化以充分利用外部资源,并对汽车备件物流整合进行了分析。     

支持向量机和基于IMF的特征能量法在汽车变速器轴承故障诊断中的应用

针对汽车变速器轴承振动信号的非平稳特征和现实中难以获得大量典型故障样本的实际情况,提出了一种基于内禀模态函数(IMF)的特征能量法和支持向量机的变速器轴承故障诊断方法。对变速器轴承内圈、外圈故障振动信号的分析结果表明,该方法在小样本情况下仍可有效提取变速器轴承的故障特征,并能成功地对其工作状态和故障类型进行分类。     

在线称重系统中嵌入式速度控制器的设计

介绍了一种在线称重系统中的嵌入式速度控制器,给出了控制器的硬件结构及主要部分的工作原理,并详细介绍了其软件设计思想。通过现场测试,该速度控制器反应灵敏,运行稳定。     

基于AMESim的自适应柔性夹具机械手指的动态特性研究

提出了一种基于液压驱动的仿手指自适应柔性夹具结构,根据其驱动系统工作原理及结构参数,建立了驱动系统的数学模型,及基于AMESim电液比例闭环控制系统的仿真模型;研究了放大比例增益值(K)对系统动态特性的影响,及PID控制器对机械手指动态特性的影响.结果表明:存在一个最佳K值,对系统的动、静态特性影响显著;加入PID控制器后,系统的精度和稳定性可得到明显改善.     

Ergonomic and biomechnical analysis of automotive general assembly using XML and digital human models

Automotive general assembly requires many manual assembly operations to be carried out by human workers. Ergonomic analysis is an important part of the design and evaluation of products, jobs, tools, machines and environments for safe, comfortable and effective human functioning. Most recent researches have involved the evaluation of working conditions to prevent work-related musculoskeletal disorders. The majority of previous research on automotive companies has mainly considered the results of ergonomic analyses such as RULA (Rapid Upper Limb Assessment), REBA (Rapid Entire Body Assessment) and OWAS (Ovako Working Posture Analysis System). Analysis of static posture including reachability, clearances for arm, hand and tool has also been used to evaluate working conditions. However, in addition to static posture analysis, a biomechanical analysis in dynamic conditions should also be conducted. There are no integrated frameworks or standard schema for ergonomic analysis using digital human models in digital environments. The purpose of this paper is to propose a new framework for the evaluation of working conditions by ergonomic and biomechanical analysis using digital models based on XML standard schema, including: products, processes, manufacturing resources and human workers. This paper presents the analysis results using the proposed framework for automotive general assembly operations. We propose a new framework for the evaluation of the assembly operations and their environments. Then we apply a digital human model to the dynamic simulation of general automotive assembly operations based on standard schemas in XML and PPRH (Product, Process, Resource and Human). Using PPRH information based on a standard XML schema to analyze the ergonomic and biomechanical results, the engineer can visualize, analyze and improve assembly operations and working environments in automotive general assembly shops using digital models.     

Thermal design of automobile exhaust based thermoelectric generators: Objectives and challenges

The potential for thermoelectric power generation (via waste heat recovery onboard automobiles) to displace alternators and/or provide additional charging to a vehicle battery pack has increased with recent advances in thermoelectric material processing. In gasoline fueled vehicles (GFVs), about 40% of fuel energy is wasted in exhaust heat, while a smaller amount of energy (30%) is ejected through the engine coolant. Therefore, exhaust-based thermoelectric generators (ETEG) have been a focus for GFV applications since the late 1980s. The conversion efficiency of modern thermoelectric materials has increased more than three-fold in the last two decades; however, disputes as to the thermal design of ETEG systems has kept their overall efficiency at limited and insufficient values. There are many challenges in the thermal design of ETEG systems, such as increasing the efficiency of the heat exchangers (hot box and cold plate), maintaining a sufficient temperature difference across the thermoelectric modules during different operating conditions, and reducing thermal losses through the system as a whole. This paper focuses on a review of the main aspects of thermal design of ETEG systems through various investigations performed over the past twenty years. This paper is organized as follows: first, the construction of a typical ETEG is described. The heat balance and efficiency of ETEG are then discussed. Then, the third section of this paper emphasizes the main objectives and challenges for designing efficient ETEG systems. Finally, a review of ETEG research activities over the last twenty years is presented to focus on methods used by the research community to address such challenges.     

基于 NTCIP 协议快速路匝道控制器的设计与实现

匝道控制决定了城市快速路进出口匝道以及与之关联的地面道路交通状况,为确保快速路匝道控制与 ITS 系统组成各单元彼此间的“互操作性”和“互换性”。基于 ARM9G20的 CPU 核心板,实现了多接口控制和扩展的匝道控制器,根据 NTCIP 协议中1207匝道交通信号控制协议 MIB 的内容,构建了包含完整对象操作内容的结构体,通过管理中心和匝道控制器间 SNMP 信息报文接收、发送,完成对数据库中对象的读取、设置,实现 NTCIP 1207中相应功能和灯组交通配时的控制,从而解决不同匝道控制器协调、通信上的障碍。