质子交换膜燃料电池汽车冷起动性能的研究

建立了一个质子交换膜燃料电池电堆的冷起动模型,对燃料电池汽车的冷起动性能进行仿真,旨在通过对电堆中不同位置、不同数量的电池进行外部加热,使电堆充分利用自身的热量,以减小冷起动过程中所需的外部加热功率。结果表明,该方法可使电堆中有更多的单电池在冷起动过程中恢复工作,冷起动的时间更短,从而明显有效地提高燃料电池电堆的冷起动性能。     

Modelling heavy vehicle car‐following behaviour in congested traffic conditions

This study develops a car‐following model in which heavy vehicle behaviour is predicted separately from passenger car. Heavy vehicles have different characteristics and manoeuvrability compared with passenger cars. These differences could create problems in freeway operations and safety under congested traffic conditions (level of service E and F) particularly when there is high proportion of heavy vehicles. With increasing numbers of heavy vehicles in the traffic stream, model estimates of the traffic flow could be degrades because existing car‐following models do not differentiate between these vehicles and passenger cars. This study highlighted some of the differences in car‐following behaviour of heavy vehicle and passenger drivers and developed a model considering heavy vehicles. In this model, the local linear model tree approach was used to incorporate human perceptual imperfections into a car‐following model. Three different real world data sets from a stretch of freeway in USA were used in this study. Two of them were used for the training and testing of the model, and one of them was used for evaluation purpose. The performance of the model was compared with a number of existing car‐following models. The results showed that the model, which considers the heavy vehicle type, could predict car‐following behaviour of drivers better than the existing models. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

An interdisciplinary study to explore impacts from policies for the introduction of low carbon vehicles

Driven by concerns of climate change, governments across the world are introducing a number of policies to accelerate the uptake of low carbon vehicles (LCVs), with a specific focus on electric motors. However, there is uncertainty in the effectiveness of such policies and technology pathways, which are inherently interlinked. This article considers the short-term situation to 2020 and focuses on the concern that these policies may bring about some disproportionate impacts in society due to changes in mobility. An ethical framework is established that seeks to balance obligations to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and rights to car ownership, then selected policies are modelled within this framework to assess acceptability of implementation. Although these policies are successful in introducing LCVs and reducing GHG emissions, findings also indicate uneven cost burdens and reduced affordability of car ownership. Following this, recommendations for policy amendments and model improvements are made.     

信号控制平面交叉口非机动车交通安全分析

运用统计方法研究非机动车与机动车的交通冲突,分析了非机动车在信号控制道路平面交叉口的交通安全.研究表明,非机动车交通流率的增加将导致非机动车和机动车交通冲突的增加.对于机动车车头时距和非机动车及机动车的行驶速度而言,存在一个非机动车和机动车交通冲突的高发区域;而在该区域的左右两侧,交通冲突趋于减少.最后,针对非机动车交通安全的内在机理提出5项改善措施.     

高速公路交通拥挤定量的探测车法

高速公路交通拥挤定量为高速公路定量管理的关键内容之一。介绍了利用探测车方法进行交通拥挤定量,并讨论了该方法的优缺点,同时也指出了实践应用过程中的注意事项。     

车用质子交换膜燃料电池系统技术现状

详细介绍了车用质子交换膜燃料电池(PEMFC)系统的组成,描述了目前国内外PEMFC系统的技术状态及技术指标.     

基于行为融合的无人自动驾驶车辆的智能控制

针对动态环境下无人自动驾驶车辆控制的非线性、时变的特点,提出并设计了一种基于行为融合的无人驾驶车辆的智能控制策略。根据车辆行驶基于模糊逻辑方法设计了一系列的基本行为模式,用模糊控制的方法分别建立各行为模式控制器,进而对车辆的方向和速度进行控制。在行为选择机制设计中,对常用的行为竞争和行为融合2种方法进行分析比较后,提出限制各行为模式的使用范围,通过各行为的控制和融合,既达到有效避障,又能完成行驶目标的目的。通过几种典型障碍物环境下的避障仿真实验,结果显示设计达到了预期效果。     

关于我国新能源汽车的发展现状和一些思考

金融危机使得全球汽车工业纷纷陷入困境,面对困境,国内外汽车企业纷纷将目光投向新能源汽车。为了对新能源汽车的现状有清晰的了解,对当前新能源汽车的种类进行了介绍,着重叙述了各类新能源汽车在国内的研发和应用情况,最后,就我国发展新能源汽车提出了一些建议。     

中国纯电动乘用车政策

我国新能源汽车正在蓬勃发展,其发展离不开政府的政策扶持。文章介绍了中国纯电动乘用车政策,同时阐述了各地方政府的优惠政策和拟出台的《纯电动乘用车技术条件》标准。指出目前我国电动乘用车水平与国外差距较大,国家和地方政府鼓励政策力度不够,许多问题仍然没有成熟的解决方案,今后应该认真总结经验教训,研制功能完善的新能源汽车。     

道路交通事故车辆行驶速度鉴定研究

事故车辆的行驶速度鉴定是交通事故认定的重要依据,通过1起交通事故的车速鉴定,阐述了交通事故车速鉴定的一般过程,包括事故现场的勘察、车损情况等,并结合收集的信息和资料运用多种方法进行车速计算。结果表明,应通过认真分析事故过程来选择车速的计算方法。