2006年中国城市交通规划回顾与展望

2006年是我国"十一五"规划启动的一年,是城市交通规划编制工作蓬勃发展的一年,也是公共交通优先发展政策取得实质性突破的一年.盘点2006年中国城市交通规划,协同总体规划修编、"十一五"规划的编制和城市交通发展趋向,城市交通规划从编制阶段、模式与侧重都有了新的变化,区域交通规划、城市交通战略规划、城市综合交通规划、公共交通专项规划、近期交通规划等层面交通规划的发辰也推向了一个新的高度.新时期城市交通规划的作用更加突出,如引导城市空间结构的发展,降低城市化、机动化带来的负面影响,公共交通优先发展和优化交通出行结构等等,其中公共交通优先成为2006年城市交通发展的主旋律,使得城市交通走向更加持续、更加健康之路.     

快速公交系统及评价问题的研究

在分析快速公交系统特点的基础上,从单个快速公交系统的绩效评价、多个快速公交系统的比较评价、快速公交与其他公交方式的比较评价和不同时期快速公交系统的比较评价等4个角度分别建立了不同的评价指标体系,并提出了快速公交系统的评价方法.最后讨论了发展快速公交系统存在的一些问题和应采取的对策.     

Investigations of interactions between bus rapid transit and general traffic flows

Bus rapid transit (BRT) is a popular strategy to increase transit attraction because of its high‐capacity, comfortable service, and fast travel speed with the exclusive right‐of‐way. Various engineering designs of right‐of‐way and the violation enforcement influence interactions between BRT and general traffic flows. An empirical assessment framework is proposed to investigate traffic congestion and lane‐changing patterns at one typical bottleneck along a BRT corridor. The BRT bottleneck consists of bus lane, BRT station, video enforcement zone, and transit signal priority intersection. We analyze oblique cumulative vehicle counts and oblique cumulative lane‐changing maneuvers extracted from videos. The cumulative vehicle counts method widely applied in revealing queueing dynamics at freeway bottlenecks is extended to an urban BRT corridor. In the study site, we assume four lane‐changing patterns, three of which are verified by the empirical measurements. Investigations of interactions between buses and general traffic show that abnormal behaviors (such as lane violations and slow moving of the general traffic) induce 16% reduction in the saturation rate of general traffic and 17% increase in bus travel time. Further observations show that the BRT station and its induced increasing lane‐changing maneuvers increase the downstream queue discharge flows of general traffic. The empirical results also contribute to more efficient strategies of BRT planning and operations, such as alternative enforcement methods, various lane separation types, and optimized traffic operations. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

快速公交（BRT）智能系统规划与设计研究

随着快速公交系统在我国的迅猛发展及运营管理经验的逐步积累,更加重视快速公交智能技术的创新与应用正成为专业人士的共识,但目前快速公交系统总体规划却忽视了智能系统的实际用户需求,使得快速公交系统运营无法实现效益最优。对快速公交智能系统进行了定义,分析其设计目标和主要功能,建立其框架结构和集成模型,在此基础上提出＂一次设计、分期实施＂的理念和快速公交智能技术优先选择方案。     

快速公交线路发车频率优化仿真研究

该文在阐述公交发车频率与乘客等车时间、公司盈利之间关系的基础上,分析快速公交线路站点时段客流规律、构建乘客等待时间和公司运营收益模型,提出基于乘客等待时间最小、公司盈利最大的快速公交发车频率多目标函数,并设计遗传算法和优化仿真实验。仿真实验表明:一定范围内,发车次数增加,乘客的总等车时间和BRT运营收益反而逐渐减少,而本函数模型能有效地降低运营成本、节约乘客等待时间,比按客流比例发车的结果更优化。研究成果应用于大同市快速公交线路工程实例。     

Effects of new bus and rail rapid transit systems – an international review

Cities worldwide are implementing modern transit systems to improve mobility in the increasingly congested metropolitan areas. Despite much research on the effects of such systems, a comparison of effects across transit modes and countries has not been studied comprehensively. This paper fills this gap in the literature by reviewing and comparing the effects obtained by 86 transit systems around the world, including Bus Rapid Transit (BRT), Light Rail Transit (LRT), metro and heavy rail transit systems. The analysis is twofold by analysing (i) the direct operational effects related to travel time, ridership and modal shifts, and (ii) the indirect strategic effects in terms of effects on property values and urban development. The review confirms the existing literature suggesting that BRT can attract many passengers if travel time reductions are significantly high. This leads to attractive areas surrounding the transit line with increasing property values. Such effects are traditionally associated with attractive rail-based public transport systems. However, a statistical comparison of 41 systems did not show significant deviations between effects on property values resulting from BRT, LRT and metro systems, respectively. Hence, this paper indicates that large strategic effects can be obtained by implementing BRT systems at a much lower cost.     

快速公交(BRT)与轨道交通换乘模式

快速公交与轨道交通共同组成城市公共交通系统多层次的网络,这一发展战略已被世界上许多大城市广泛应用,实施这一发展模式既可以发挥轨道交通的优势,也可以体现地面快速公交的优势。在BRT与轨道交通共同运营、BRT功能定位复杂的情况下,通过对国外城市轨道交通换乘枢纽的分析和研究,提出枢纽发展趋势及BRT与轨道换乘枢纽的布局模式。     

厦门BRT链接线服务范围延伸作用研究

BRT作为一种可持续的城市公共交通模式,它所具有的快速性、灵活性和成本效应对国内城市尤为适合.基于BRT的优点及厦门市交通现状,厦门市BRT一期工程及其链接线于2008年9月初建成并投入运营.本文主要针对厦门市“BRT+链接线”模式,通过服务半径及覆盖面积的计算,分析BRT链接线对BRT主线服务范围的延伸作用及设置BRT链接线的相关意义.     

BRT智能系统技术在有轨电车中的应用

结合BRT智能调度系统中GPS车辆定位、GPRS无线通信的系统构成方案和RFID电子标签技术的应用,从技术、功能定位、应用方案等方面进行分析,探讨其在有轨电车中应用的可行性。     

BRT路面结构类型研究

目前国内建成通车的BRT在渠化严重的路口和车站段的路面出现了不同程度的病害。特别是国内普遍采用的沥青混凝土路面的病害更为严重。为了更好地推广建设BRT,从设计的源头控制此类情况的发生,通过对BRT的运营特点及其对路面的影响以及对常见路面结构类型优缺点的分析,提出沥青混凝土路面病害的防治措施。