Alternative financing for Bus Rapid Transit (BRT): The case of Porto Alegre, Brazil

In the 1970s, Brazil was leading the implementation of high-flow bus priority schemes, but now cities are less capable of financing public infrastructures. This paper explores the private sector participation in the provision of transit infrastructure based on Public-Private Partnerships (PPP) for Bus Rapid Transit (BRT). The Porto Alegre BRT contemplates interchange terminals planned to accommodate retail and service activities. It is expected that these areas shall generate enough revenues to remunerate private investors, under a PPP scheme, for the construction of terminals and part of the infrastructure required to upgrade some sections of the existing busways to BRT standards.     

BRT信号优先的元胞自动机仿真研究

构建了BRT信号优先的元胞自动机仿真模型,并进一步研究了不同信号优先控制策略下BRT对交叉口车流的影响.首先,结合北京市快速公交1号线和义农场站交叉口现状信号,标定了模型的参数并验证仿真结果的有效性;然后,在此基础上,对单独采取绿灯延长信号控制、单独采取红灯早断信号控制和同时采用两种信号控制三种BRT信号优先策略进行了...     

广州市快速公交潮汐客流的应对措施

为有效应对广州市快速公交早晚高峰潮汐客流问题,通过客流调查、交通仿真、实车演练等方法寻求应对措施.首先,从系统模式、BRT通道和车站、客流情况几个方面介绍了广州市快速公交系统的概况.针对BRT潮汐客流问题开展客流调查,分析客流一般规律及车站客流分布.围绕动态借道、静态借位、灵活线路、始发分流、智能调度几项措施,分别探讨...     

快速公交系统模式研究——以广州市BRT试验线系统为例

"快速通道+灵活线路"模式是城市快速公交应用中一种探索与创新的系统模式。以广州市BRT试验线为例介绍"快速通道+灵活线路"模式及其三个关键要素:快速专用通道、灵活线路运营、高效车站服务。探讨该模式在节省公交出行时间以及适应公共交通需求两方面的优势。分析"快速通道+灵活线路"模式的特性,并与传统的固定线路模式进行对比,归纳其三个关键要素与BRT系统效能的关系。最后,讨论了"快速通道+灵活线路"模式的适用条件,并指出快速公交的发展应走公交集约化和系统资源利用最大化的道路,提供快速、高效、便捷的高品质公共汽车交通服务。     

Why do paratransit operators resist participation in bus rapid transit? Case evidence from Bogota,Mexico City,Johannesburg and Lagos

ABSTRACT

Public transport in cities of the Global South is mainly provided by paratransit operators who self-regulate their services in the absence of adequate formal transport supply and due to weak or no formal regulatory framework and enforcement. Paratransit operators compete with each other for passengers as every passenger translates into profit. Governments in the Global South have sought to reform public transport services through Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) to regulate and ensure efficiency, address the problems of drivers competition and negative externalities associated with paratransit operations. Paratransit operators have been considered as one of the barriers to public transport reforms such as BRT without much consideration for their style of operations. This neglect has contributed to their resistance and low interest in participating in BRT and has even led to opposition. Consequently, non-consideration of incumbent operators in the implementation of transit reforms has been one important reason for delay or failure in their introduction. In this study, we identify reasons why paratransit operators resist and show low interest in BRT even in situations where public institutions have opted not to replace them but rather invite them to participate in the reforms. The basis is a case study analysis of four cities with different characteristics and different BRT implementation strategies where paratransit operators showed resistance and low interest to participate. We identify (1) loss of autonomy, flexibility and established practices/routines, (2) financial and economic risk avoidance and (3) lack of trust in governments who initiate reforms as a basis for their resistance and low interest. These findings are theoretically substantiated by organisational management and social psychology concepts that explain resistance to change. Understanding and recognising these reasons may help planners in designing more appropriate strategies for paratransit reforms.     

首尔公交改革对中国城市交通的启示

2004年7月1日,韩国首尔市政府在全市开展了针对公交系统的深刻整合性改革,这一举措成为迈向可持续性城市交通的重要一步。此次公文改革成功实施的关健在于将管理机构、创新技术、基础设施的建设以及公交的组织和运营融为一体。作为同处于东亚的大城市,首尔在文化观念、人口规模、经济发展和城市建设等各个方面与包括北京在内的中国大城市有很多相似之处。目前,中国公交行业以及相关从业人员正面临巨大的挑战,因此,首尔公交改革的戍功经验具有特别的借鉴意义。     

基于Vissim的快速公交到站间隔波动性分析

快速公交在运营中一般采用均匀发车频率。但由于受各方因素影响,其实际到站间隔往往存在一定波动性。应用Vissim仿真软件,建立一条快速公交线路仿真模型。通过分组试验,采集车辆到达车站的时间间隔,分析不同车站位置、发车频率以及信控方案影响下快速公交到站间隔的波动性。     

BRT专用车道路面结构分析与组合设计

该文总结和分析了BRT专用车道的主要病害及其原因,在此基础上,对路面结构进行了力学分析,确定半刚性路面结构最大剪应力区和抗车辙区范围,为路面抗车辙设计提供依据。根据BRT系统的运行特点,针对性地提出了BRT专用车道路面结构组合设计和材料选择,并推荐了两种适合BRT运行特点的路面结构方案。     

排队论在计算城市快速公交车站停车位数量的应用

在快速公交系统设计中,需要计算合理停车位的数量,以保证公交的快速通行.分析快速公交车流到达的情况,运用排队系统理论计算车辆到达停靠站的概率,运用相关指标对不同数量停车位的使用情况进行评判,选取合理解.