设置临时性公交专用道的效益分析

随着城市交通饱和度的增加,城市所面临的交通压力越来越大.优先发展城市公共交通,提高公共交通的出行比例,将有利于缓解我国城市交通所面临的压力.公交专用道是实施路段公交优先通行的有效技术措施,临时性公交专用道是公交专用道新的设置方式,在保证公交优先的前提下,允许社会车辆在无公交情况下使用此车道.文中首先介绍了临时性公交专用...     

快速公交系统模式研究——以广州市BRT试验线系统为例

"快速通道+灵活线路"模式是城市快速公交应用中一种探索与创新的系统模式。以广州市BRT试验线为例介绍"快速通道+灵活线路"模式及其三个关键要素:快速专用通道、灵活线路运营、高效车站服务。探讨该模式在节省公交出行时间以及适应公共交通需求两方面的优势。分析"快速通道+灵活线路"模式的特性,并与传统的固定线路模式进行对比,归纳其三个关键要素与BRT系统效能的关系。最后,讨论了"快速通道+灵活线路"模式的适用条件,并指出快速公交的发展应走公交集约化和系统资源利用最大化的道路,提供快速、高效、便捷的高品质公共汽车交通服务。     

Why do paratransit operators resist participation in bus rapid transit? Case evidence from Bogota,Mexico City,Johannesburg and Lagos

ABSTRACT

Public transport in cities of the Global South is mainly provided by paratransit operators who self-regulate their services in the absence of adequate formal transport supply and due to weak or no formal regulatory framework and enforcement. Paratransit operators compete with each other for passengers as every passenger translates into profit. Governments in the Global South have sought to reform public transport services through Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) to regulate and ensure efficiency, address the problems of drivers competition and negative externalities associated with paratransit operations. Paratransit operators have been considered as one of the barriers to public transport reforms such as BRT without much consideration for their style of operations. This neglect has contributed to their resistance and low interest in participating in BRT and has even led to opposition. Consequently, non-consideration of incumbent operators in the implementation of transit reforms has been one important reason for delay or failure in their introduction. In this study, we identify reasons why paratransit operators resist and show low interest in BRT even in situations where public institutions have opted not to replace them but rather invite them to participate in the reforms. The basis is a case study analysis of four cities with different characteristics and different BRT implementation strategies where paratransit operators showed resistance and low interest to participate. We identify (1) loss of autonomy, flexibility and established practices/routines, (2) financial and economic risk avoidance and (3) lack of trust in governments who initiate reforms as a basis for their resistance and low interest. These findings are theoretically substantiated by organisational management and social psychology concepts that explain resistance to change. Understanding and recognising these reasons may help planners in designing more appropriate strategies for paratransit reforms.     

基于交通流理论的公交站点间行程时间预测

分析了公交站点间车辆运行过程,将行程预测时间划分为交叉口排队等待时间、路段行驶时间和停站时间3个部分,利用交通波理论和延误三角形,分别建立了无公交专用车道和有公交专用车道2种情况下排队等待时间的动态预测模型;根据乘客到站规律和上下车规律,提出了公交车进站停靠时间模型;针对无公交专用车道条件下的时间预测方法进行了实例演算.实验数据表明,基于交通波行程时间预测方法具有较高的精度,可以满足站点间行程时间预报要求.     

Adaptive road border crossing system management: the role of priority programs

Land border crossings in North America, such as those between Canada and U.S.A., are expected to experience severe imbalance of travel demand and capacity of processors. During peak travel periods, this is already the case at high traffic locations. The land border crossing authorities have to address problems of congestion, national security and environmental impacts in the operation of the existing systems and to continue to address these problems as a part of infrastructure expansion plans. There is a need to adapt the crossing system management in order to accommodate efficiency and productivity‐oriented priority crossing measures. From a methodological perspective, it is a challenge to evaluate the role of priority crossing measures within the complex border crossing system. This paper reports research on modelling priority crossing initiatives. A microsimulation approach was used to model and analyse integrated processors of the Peace Bridge crossing system between Fort Erie (Ontario) and Buffalo (New York) under different scenarios of travel demand, customs processing times, priority crossing and queue jump lanes for automobile and truck traffic. Findings show the extent to which a border crossing system with priority crossing and queue jump lanes is more efficient and productive than one without these innovations. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

快速公交专用道规划设计方法研究

在对快速公交专用道形式进行分类的基础上,对不同类型公交专用道的设置条件、优缺点、适用性等相关因素进行了分析.此外,对不同类型公交专用道的特征以及设计时应注意的问题进行了说明,给出了常用公交专用道的设计示意图.归纳了快速公交专用道规划实施要点.最后,对北京市南中轴路快速公交专用道以及三环路公交专用道的设置形式进行了分析.     

锯齿形公交优先进口道的设置方法

为减少公交延误,发挥锯齿形公交优先进口道作用,分析了公交优先进口道的工作流程、车辆到达流量、通行能力、预信号区使用条件,提出了将锯齿形公交优先进口道车辆到达流量与通行能力匹配的优化模型与设置方法,建立了锯齿形公交优先进口道设置适宜的交通条件,提出了进口道主信号与预信号协调配时,与车辆流量适宜的候驶区长度确定的方法,计算了公交优先进口道设置前后公交车辆与社会车辆的延误。发现给定条件的城市主干道公交进口道优先可以使公交车的平均延误减少3．7S,社会车辆平均延误增加1．4S,所有乘客平均延误减少2．4S。     

城市私人机动交通发展探讨

公共交通与私人机动交通是城市交通体系的两个发展方向,“公交优先”是城市交通发展的根本,而私人机动交通是公共交通的有力补充。     

深圳市BRT定位、发展模式及近期建设标准建议

快速公交系统（BRT）在国内尚属新生事物,各城市都在探索中,并无成功的案例。在对国外典型的BRT系统研究的基础上,针对深圳实际情况,对深圳市BRT定位、发展模式和近期建标等提出建议,具有重要意义。     

首尔公交改革对中国城市交通的启示

2004年7月1日,韩国首尔市政府在全市开展了针对公交系统的深刻整合性改革,这一举措成为迈向可持续性城市交通的重要一步。此次公文改革成功实施的关健在于将管理机构、创新技术、基础设施的建设以及公交的组织和运营融为一体。作为同处于东亚的大城市,首尔在文化观念、人口规模、经济发展和城市建设等各个方面与包括北京在内的中国大城市有很多相似之处。目前,中国公交行业以及相关从业人员正面临巨大的挑战,因此,首尔公交改革的戍功经验具有特别的借鉴意义。