基于排队论的轨道交通车站平峰时期乘客疏散时间研究

轨道交通车站乘客及时疏散是保证城市轨道交通系统运行秩序的关键,研究轨道交通车站乘客疏散时间对解决车站疏散过程中存在的问题有着重要意义。利用排队论基础方法和理论,以平峰时期重庆轨道交通车站为例,明确重庆轨道交通车站不同形态,分析不同形式的服务系统,分析影响乘客疏散的影响因素,建立以轨道交通车站乘客疏散时间为研究对象的计算模型,研究结果表明:乘客疏散时间与车站布设形式,通过站台、通道与楼梯间的时间,使用自动扶梯时间、通过车站出入口时间等有关。     

BRT系统高峰期运营管理策略浅析

针对目前BRT系统在高峰期运营的不足,提出了BRT系统在高峰期的运营管理设计及具体策略,通过结合ITS技术实现对人、车、站、道等有效管理,为交通管理部门决策提供参考.     

Line haul interstation spacing for low cost feeder modes

The choice behaviour of low cost travel (LCT) modes is very sensitive to travel distance. A line haul system designed on the basis of current planning practice of locating widely spaced stations to cater auto and bus feeder modes with the primary objective of gaining travel speed is hostile to non‐motorized and low cost feeder modes. With the revival of interest in promoting the use of walk'n ride and bike'n ride modes, there is a need to develop an appropriate tool to examine the effect of their specific characteristics in establishing the number and location of stations.

A generic normative behavioural hybrid model for locating the cost minimizing number and location of stations is developed for an LCT‐fed line haul system. The model considers the system with many to many two dimensional line haul demand density function in which the density varies in both x‐ and y‐directions. The feeder mode choice behaviour is incorporated in the model by integrating probability‐access/egress distance function with the objective function. Explicit functional relationships among the parameters of these feeder modes such as modal share as a function of access/egress distance with the parameters of line haul systems are developed. Dynamic programming is used to minimize the system cost. The generic model is shown to collapse into several simplified models capable of yielding approximate solutions for several well known special cases. It has been shown that location of stations is sensitive to the through load on board as well as users’ cost that defines the choice behaviour at large. Numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the applicability of the model.     

A study of rail demand in a two‐tier fares environment

A method based on logit analysis is suggested for predicting the effects on patronage and revenue of relative changes in peak and offpeak fares. The method also permits the ready estimation of consequent changes in service profitability. Data was collected specifically for this study from British Rail's Teesside corridor to achieve model calibration. Results show the extent to which demand in peak and offpeak fare‐periods is complementary when fare restrictions are applied only to the morning peak.     

The Japanese experience with mini‐cars

Despite the early appeal of the light vehicle, increases in the average annual income have allowed consumers to consider a broader range of vehicles so that the negative aspects of mini‐vehicles such as higher noise and vibration levels, the lack of horsepower and instability in certain driving conditions have made light vehicles less tolerable. The “oil shock” shattered economic projections, and people began to acknowledge that living in a world with limited resources was a harsh reality. Concurrently, congestion increased dramatically in urban areas as a result of the popularity of automobiles, and producers made a number of design changes to improve the safety and comfort limitations of light vehicles. Thus, in a world where fuel economy and ease of use gained a greater meaning, light vehicles slowly regained their original appeal.

Light vehicles may play a greater role in the future. Studies indicate that light vehicles tend to be driven by females and elderly people and current trends indicate that the number of female drivers is increasing and that the average age of the Japanese population is getting higher. Furthermore, migration patterns indicate that a greater number of people are moving to smaller cities and their outlying areas as a result of national decentralization policies. The migration pattern may popularize light vehicles because vehicle ownership rates are higher in these areas than in larger cities. Another development which may increase the popularity of light vehicles is that more families are owning more than one car and light vehicles are popular as second vehicles. Moreover, the prospects of low economic growth have tempered the importance of comfortable amenities, and the virtues of maneuverability and fuel economy have become more important.

     

中国高铁枢纽站区开发的功能类型与模式

为给中国高铁枢纽站区开发的功能类型安排提供定量化研究支撑,首先,对中国7个高铁枢纽站区开发典型案例进行数据分析,总结站区开发的功能类型.然后,通过建筑面积占比计算,得到7个站区新开发的4种主要功能类型——市场、酒店、办公和居住的占比平均值分别为7.71％,6.95％,25.27％和56.17％.最后,基于不同开发案例比...     

Transit network design by genetic algorithm with elitism

The transit network design problem is concerned with the finding of a set of routes with corresponding schedules for a public transport system. This problem belongs to the class of NP-Hard problem because of the vast search space and multiple constraints whose optimal solution is really difficult to find out. The paper develops a Population based model for the transit network design problem. While designing the transit network, we give preference to maximize the number of satisfied passengers, to minimize the total number of transfers, and to minimize the total travel time of all served passengers. Our approach to the transit network design problem is based on the Genetic Algorithm (GA) optimization. The Genetic Algorithm is similar to evolution strategy which iterates through fitness assessment, selection and breeding, and population reassembly. In this paper, we will show two different experimental results performed on known benchmark problems. We clearly show that results obtained by Genetic Algorithm with increasing population is better than so far best technique which is really difficult for future researchers to beat.     

京沪高速铁路技术方案的探讨

介绍了轮轨高速铁路技术的最新发展及磁浮高速列车国内外的试验研究情况,按不同速度等级将两种铁路高速技术加以对比,指出只有在需要将地面交通的速度提高到400km/h以上时,磁浮高速列车具有优势,着重论述了京沪高速铁路采用轮轨技术的必要性和可能性,呼呈尽早统一认识,以便能如期在“十五”期间开工修建京沪高速铁路。     

轨道交通正线高架桥铺轨方案及费用分析

以天津市区至滨海新区快速轨道交通工程为例，阐述高架桥梁铺轨初步设计施工组织及概算编制，并与实际施工对比，探讨城市轨道交通工程无碴轨道施工组织及费用分析。     

提高GPS定位精度的新方法

提出了一种提高ＧＰＳ定位精度的新方法。用该方法可以准确地对ＧＰＳ定位数据进行建模和一步预测，在此基础上通过自适应滤能够提高ＧＰＳ定位精度３－５倍。定点实时数据处理证明了此方法的有效性。