Numerical simulation of level ice impact on landing craft bow considering the transverse isotropy of Baltic Sea ice based on XFEM

Ice bending is a major failure mechanism of level ice when ships and marine structures interact with level ice. This paper aims to investigate the ice bending and ice load when level ice collides on ships and marine structures using numerical simulation method, and compare the numerical results with field test. The fracture of ice is simulated with extended finite element method (XFEM), and cohesive zone concept is used to describe the crack propagation. In order to consider the characteristics of S2 columnar ice, a transversely isotropic elastic material model is used for the ice bulk elements, and a transversely isotropic Tsai-Wu failure criterion is adopted to predict the initiation of cracks. A well-controlled field test of a landing craft bow colliding with level ice in Baltic Sea is simulated to verify the numerical scheme. The ice plate's continuous deformation, crack initiation and crack propagation at different impact velocities and angles are simulated and the results are discussed. In the simulation, the bending crack emerges at the midline of the top surface of ice plate, then propagates towards free boundary, and finally a circumferential crack forms. It is found that with the impact velocity increases, the bending load increases and the fracture size (perpendicular distance from the crack to the contact edge) decreases. And as the angle between the landing craft bow and vertical direction increases, the bending load and the fracture size decrease. The simulated results corresponds well with the field test. The competition between the circumferential crack and radial crack is also found in the simulation and will be discussed in this paper. The results show that this method well simulates the bending of level ice and predict the ice load, and provides a good approach for investigating the mechanism of different forms of level ice fracture.     

预防非工作边表面裂纹的直尖轨倒圆弧半径取值研究

针对高速道岔直尖轨非工作边表面出现纵向裂纹的问题,通过建立车辆道岔多体动力学模型和三维弹塑性轮轨接触有限元模型,分析倒圆弧半径对直尖轨等效应力及其作用位置的影响。结果表明:尖轨顶宽30mm到顶宽40mm断面间易发生非工作边表面裂纹,其中顶宽35mm断面的受力状态最为不利;倒圆弧半径取值越大,对尖轨降低值的影响越大,为降低对车辆轨道动力性能的影响,在相同条件下,应尽可能选择较小半径的倒圆弧;直尖轨倒圆弧能够有效降低内部的等效应力,并能增大应力作用位置到非工作边的距离;综合考虑直尖轨降低值和受力状态,倒圆弧半径取3mm时优于其他半径取值。     

Theoretical and numerical analysis of bending behavior of unbonded flexible risers

This paper presents theoretical and numerical study on bending properties of unbonded flexible risers. To capture nonlinearities in layer's sliding, the stress component due to slip-stick behavior is considered and energy conservation principle considering sliding-caused heat consumption is employed in the analytical model. Besides, a finite element model estimating mechanics of unbonded flexible risers' bending is proposed. In the finite element model, couplings between bending moment–curvature and axial stress as well as contact interaction among layers and tendons have been considered. The theoretical and numerical results were validated against the corresponding experimental data in literature and mutually compared in analyzing nonlinear bending behavior of flexible risers. Moreover, the impacts of axisymmetric loads on riser's bending behavior have been further investigated.     

路面养护中拌和站设置和养护经济半径研究

以养护工程的经济性为研究出发点 ,以单位工程养护成本为衡量指标 ,提出了在高速公路养护施工中 ,拌和站设置点的选择和养护经济半径的确定     

浅谈运行车速理论在老路改建中的应用

针对老路线形特点,从运行车速理论出发,对老路改建时线形中的圆曲线半径进行简单探讨,并进行举例说明,有望达到提高不利地段公路安全性能,降低事故率的目标.     

树脂基复合材料在汽车工业中的应用研究

树脂基复合材料是以合成树脂为基体,以纤维为增强材料,经成型技术形成的一种新型复合材料。本文介绍了树脂基复合材料的性能特点、组成和分类,重点介绍了树脂基复合材料的成型工艺及其在汽车上的应用。     

涂油技术对曲线钢轨磨耗与振动的影响分析

小半径曲线轨道往往会加剧钢轨的磨耗与振动,影响列车的安全性和舒适度,增加维修养护的工作.文章以台湾铁路沙仑支线中洲车站端的爬升曲线为监测地点,在曲线前后端安装钢轨涂油器,进行为期6个月轨旁钢轨振动和磨耗的观测测量;分析小半径曲线轨道在润滑前后,列车经过时钢轨的磨耗和振动变化,观察涂油技术对钢轨磨耗和振动的影响.     

城市轻轨车辆通过小半径曲线时轮轨磨耗的探讨

本文针对城市轻轨车辆在通过小半径曲线时的轮轨磨耗进行了研究,指出轮轨磨耗量的大小主要决定于接触点上滑动率、接触压力和摩擦系数的大小,并提出了计算方法.计算表明:当曲线半径从50m减小到30m时,滑动率将增加27％;当半径减小到20m时,滑动率将急剧增加到60％,这意味着轮轨磨耗将要增加一倍,可见城市轻轨交通系统的最小曲线半径规定为30m比20m来得合理.最后提出了有关减少轮轨磨耗的措施.     

盾构隧道拱顶塑性区及地表沉降分析与计算

按平面应变问题分析隧道地表沉降,不考虑重力场的影响作用,而仅认为其是由洞周土体应力释放引起的。在假定隧道周边土体应力释放荷载为均布的前提下,由实际的地表应力为0与圣维南原理可知无穷远处的侧边与底边应力也为0。从而可利用平面弹性力学关于无限大板的理论求出其应力,并将其应力与未开挖前仅受重力场作用下的应力叠加。由此分析拱顶土体的塑性区半径,如果其塑性区半径不大且在工程允许的误差范围内．可以认为隧道开挖后整个土体仍处于弹性状态,从而利用洞周受均布荷栽作用下弹性无限大板的位移解直接推求出地表的沉降方程。     

Theoretical Analysis of the Solidification of Aluminum Alloy Billet in Air-Slip DC Mold

Based on the heat transfer analysis of Air-Slip DC mold, a numerical model was presented to study the quantitative relationships between critical solidification layer and casting rate, pouring temperature and mold cooling ability etc. The analytical results show that the Air-Slip mold heat transfer condition plays important roles on choices of a casting rate and the pouring temperature, and that the product of billet diameter and casting rate is a certain constant under a certain condition of the mold.