Initial results from long-term measurements of atmospheric humidity and related parameters in the marine boundary layer at two locations in the Gulf of Mexico

Measurements of boundary layer moisture have been acquired from Rotronic MP-100 sensors deployed on two NDBC buoys in the northern Gulf of Mexico from June through November 1993. For one sensor, which was retrieved approximately 8 months after deployment, the post- and precalibrations agreed closely and fell well within WMO specifications for accuracy. The second sensor operated continuously from June 1993 to February 1997 (3.5 years). Buoy observations of relative humidity and supporting data were used to calculate specific humidity and the surface fluxes of latent and sensible heat. Specific humidities from the buoys were compared with observations of moisture obtained from nearby ship reports, and the correlations were generally high (0.7–0.9). Surface gravity wave spectra were also acquired. The time series of specific humidity and the other buoy parameters revealed three primary scales of variability, small (h), synoptic (days), and seasonal (months). The synoptic variability was clearly dominant and occurred primarily during September, October, and November. Most of the synoptic variability was due to frontal systems that dropped down into the Gulf of Mexico from the continental US followed by air masses which were cold and dry. Cross-correlation analyses of the buoy data indicated that: (1) the moisture field was highly coherent over distances of 800 km or more in the northern Gulf of Mexico; and (2) both specific humidity and air temperature served as tracers of the motion associated with propagating atmospheric disturbances. These correlation analyses also revealed that the prevailing weather systems generally entered the buoy domain from the South prior to September, but primarily from the North thereafter. Spectra of the various buoy parameters indicated strong diurnal and semidiurnal variability for barometric pressure and sea surface temperature (SST) and lesser variability for air temperature, wind speed and significant wave height. The surface fluxes of latent and sensible heat were dominated by the synoptic events which took place from September through November with the transfer of latent heat being primarily from the ocean to the atmosphere. Finally, an analysis of the surface wave observations from each buoy, which included calculations of wave age and estimates of surface roughness, indicate that major heat and moisture flux events coincide with periods of active wave growth, although the data were insufficient to identify any causal relationships.     

桥面铺装防水粘结层材料类型的选择

文章针对沥青混凝土桥面铺装结构的防水粘结层性能受到桥梁类型、荷载条件和工作环境等因素影响而难于选择的问题,对各类桥面铺装防水粘结层的使用条件和结构性能进行了研究,分析了各种结构性胶黏剂的物理性质和化学性质及工艺条件,据此制定了桥面铺装防水粘结材料的选择依据,并提出了一种性能较好的粘结剂典型配方。     

钢筋混凝土箱形拱桥现浇施工方案比较

钢筋混凝土箱型拱桥在无支墩拱式拱架上现浇施工时,若跨度较大,拱圈一般采用分环分段的施工方法。采用该方法施工时,先期形成的混凝土拱环与拱架的横向联合作用明显。通过两种分环方案的对比分析发现,不同的分环方案横向联合作用强度也有所差别。采用一个最优分环方案,可以利用已形成的拱环与拱架在横向的。联合作用,增加横向刚度,有利于提高施工过程中的横向稳定性。     

有软弱下卧层时确定天然地基上基础底面积的简便方法

在进行天然地基上浅基础的设计时,必须验算地基承载力.如果存在软弱下卧层,还必须进行软弱下卧层承载力验算.     

岩溶富水区深埋水沟排水隧道注浆圈参数研究

为合理确定深埋水沟排水方式下隧道注浆圈特征参数,以某岩溶富水区隧道工程为依托,采用FLAC3D软件建立流固耦合计算模型,针对其注浆圈参数进行合理探讨,研究注浆圈厚度、注浆圈渗透性对隧道涌水量、衬砌水压力、结构安全性的影响规律。研究结果表明： 增加注浆圈厚度或降低注浆圈渗透性可降低衬砌水压、控制涌水量、保障结构安全,但并不代表实际工程中注浆参数需要追求最值,而应兼顾安全性和经济性,选取相对合理的注浆参数;结合模拟计算结果与同类工程案例,建议依托工程注浆圈厚度以5～6 m、渗透性比值以注浆前的1/50（渗透系数为2×10-6 cm/s）为宜,并应结合实际进行技术经济对比,合理确定现场注浆参数。     

基于岩溶分布分析的突水风险评估模型研究

为实现岩溶突水风险评估的全过程动态修正与管理,一以岩溶发育分布规律为基础,采用半定量分析方法,估计溶洞与隧道在剖面图中的相对位置距离值,二将防突水岩层安全厚度的预测划分为初步估算、二次估计和动态测算3个阶段,每个阶段均采用有效的修正方式,不断获取更加准确且适用的防突岩层安全厚度预测数值。然后,综合考虑防突岩层安全厚度以及爆破开挖扰动深度影响,提出岩溶突水风险概率等级评价标准;通过划分突水量和溶腔高水头压强的等级,提出岩溶突水风险后果等级评价标准;并以二者为基础构建岩溶突水风险等级评估矩阵。最终,构建基于岩溶分布态势与防突岩层厚度的岩溶突水风险评估模型。通过具体工程实例检验,理论结果与实际情况相对比,验证所构建岩溶突水风险评估模型的合理性与可行性。     

保温新材料新工艺介绍

文章就国家专利产品复合花纹铝板、三防保温被两种保温新材料新工艺产品进行介绍。说明了这些新材料新工艺在海上采油平台和船舶行业的应用。     

空间不均匀湍流边界层激励下声呐腔自噪声统计能量分析

利用统计能量分析法建立了湍流边界层激励下水下航行器声呐腔自噪声水动力分量的计算模型。采用一种新的回转体模型模拟声呐罩，重点讨论空间分布不均匀的湍流边界层对声呐罩的输入功率的计算及统计能量分析参数的确定，利用Fluent软件计算边界层的分离点及一些重要参数。最后给出了一具体的算例。可作为空间不均匀湍流边界层激励下声呐腔自噪声的工程估算的参考。     

含盐量及含水量对氯盐盐渍土抗剪强度参数的影响

盐渍土作为一类特殊的工程地质体,其抗剪强度受环境因素的影响是复杂的。通过室内试验,分析不同含盐量和含水量条件下氯盐盐渍土抗剪强度的变化规律,研究含盐量、含水量对盐渍土抗剪强度的影响机理。研究表明:在含水量达到一定量时,随着CaCl2含量的增加,氯盐盐渍土的抗剪强度参数值是先减小后增大,达到最小值时的土体临界含盐量为10.36%;在含盐量一定的情况下含水量从8%增到10%时,抗剪强度参数值减小幅度比较大,而从10%增到15.56%时,抗剪强度参数值减小幅度明显变小;土中易溶盐相态的变化,从土颗粒间溶液的离子浓度和土体骨架作用两方面影响盐渍土的抗剪强度;当含盐量一定时,随着含水量的增大,土粒间离子的浓度逐渐减小,使得扩散层厚度增大,粘结力减小。     

船舶玻璃窗采用弹性粘接的强度近似分析与设计探讨

弹性粘接是一项较新的技术，与传统方法相比，具有较多优点。其中最显著的优点是接头具有弹性，避免应力集中，并且整个粘接面都参与接头强度的形成，因此可以简单通过增大粘接面面积来传递更大的力。该技术用于汽车玻璃窗的粘接已经有20多年的历史，但在国内造船行业应用很少。通过分析船舶玻璃窗的受力状况和采用弹性粘接时粘接层的应力状况，介绍了粘接层强度近似分析方法，并且探讨了粘接层尺寸设计原则，说明船舶玻璃窗采用粘接剂粘接是安全可靠的。