斜拉桥箱形主梁斜腹板的合理厚度分析

针对斜拉桥中双箱式主梁,采用三维有限元分析方法,建立具有不同斜腹板厚度(18 cm,24 cm,30 cm,35 cm,40 cm)的5个箱形主梁有限元模型,分析其空间应力分布特点,归纳出斜拉桥中此类双箱单室倒梯形截面的薄弱环节及斜拉桥箱梁在不同斜腹板厚度下的应力变化。考虑到梁段以外附近区域的作用,在其两端截面上施加由平面杆系结构分析所得的端面内力,另外,索力和预加力(梁纵向、横隔梁横向、斜腹板竖向)也施加在相应的位置,分析了不同工况下箱形主梁在自重、索力和预应力作用下的空间应力效应。通过对以上工况计算结果的静力分析,归纳出斜拉桥中此类双箱式截面的应力分布特点,并提出斜腹板厚度的合理化建议。分析表明:斜腹板厚度为30 cm左右时,主梁的应力分布比较合理。     

水下冲击波作用下大缩比异化模型的数值模拟

以双层加肋圆柱壳结构为模型,采用数值方法对结构在水下爆炸冲击载荷作用下的动响应相似性进行研究,在完全几何相似的条件下,在弹性范围内,应用相似规律可将模型实验的结果推广到原型。但由于所有构件尺寸都按同一比例作几何相似,尤其是大缩比时,将导致某些构件(如型材等)的尺寸过小,模型实际建造难以实现,为此,将相似模型作为基础标准形式,根据实际情况对模型进行一定程度的变异,并分别采用了材料等效法和摊板厚法对相似模型进行变异。研究结果表明:材料等效法能较好地通过变异模型反映相似模型结构振动响应特性,但不适合模拟相似模型结构的应力变化;摊板厚法简单易实施,但由于变异模型局部刚度与真实情况不同,将导致实验结果误差过大。     

管道壁厚计算公式改进探讨

通过输油管道及注汽管线壁厚的选择等应用实例来说明传统的管道壁厚的设计公式过于保守,没有相应的壁厚修正标准或公式。这个问题在美国已经得到重视。可参照美国的做法,改进管道壁厚的计算公式,即引入最小壁厚设计因素,完善环向应力公式计算并研究确定管道壁厚与温差之间的关系。     

气膜减阻试验研究

为了进一步探索船底气膜减阻效果，上海船舶运输科学研究所对此展开了试验研究。在详细介绍了气膜减阻试验平台及其试验研究过程后，对试验结果进行了分析此较。     

Microbial food web responses to light and nutrients beneath the coastal Arctic Ocean sea ice during the winter–spring transition

We measured the abundance and biomass of phototrophic and heterotrophic microbes in the upper mixed layer of the water column in ice-covered Franklin Bay, Beaufort Sea, Canada, from December 2003 to May 2004, and evaluated the influence of light and nutrients on these communities by way of a shipboard enrichment experiment. Bacterial cell concentrations showed no consistent trends throughout the sampling period, averaging (± SD) 2.4 (0.9) × 10⁸ cells L^− 1; integrated bacterial biomass for the upper mixed layer ranged from 1.33 mg C m^− 3 to 3.60 mg C m^− 3. Small cells numerically dominated the heterotrophic protist community in both winter and spring, but in terms of biomass, protists with a diameter > 10 µm generally dominated the standing stocks. Heterotrophic protist biomass integrated over the upper mixed layer ranged from 1.23 mg C m^− 3 to 6.56 mg C m^− 3. Phytoplankton biomass was low and variable, but persisted during the winter period. The standing stock of pigment-containing protists ranged from a minimum value of 0.38 mg C m^− 3 in winter to a maximal value of 6.09 mg C m^− 3 in spring and the most abundant taxa were Micromonas-like cells. These picoprasinophytes began to increase under the ice in February and their population size was positively correlated with surface irradiance. Despite the continuing presence of sea ice, phytoplankton biomass rose by more than an order of magnitude in the upper mixed layer by May. The shipboard experiment in April showed that this phototrophic increase in the community was not responsive to pulsed nutrient enrichment, with all treatments showing a strong growth response to improved irradiance conditions. Molecular (DGGE) and microscopic analyses indicated that most components of the eukaryotic community responded positively to the light treatment. These results show the persistence of a phototrophic inoculum throughout winter darkness, and the strong seasonal response by arctic microbial food webs to sub-ice irradiance in early spring.     

客运专线无砟轨道系统设计

根据我国客运专线的工程特点,无砟轨道结构选型应遵循施工性、维护性、动力性、适应性和经济性的5个基本原则,并给出2类无砟轨道的性能.在研究确定无砟轨道设计理论和原则的基础上,建议设计轮重取静轮重的3倍、疲劳检算轮重取静轮重的1.5倍.板式无砟轨道不同弹性模量的砂浆垫层对轨下基础刚度的影响不同,建议研发新型填充层材料.合理确定无砟轨道的弹性,建议轨下基础刚度的合理范围为20～30kN·mm-1.通过定期打磨钢轨和钢轨无缝化,降低噪音;通过降低轨道刚度、提高轨道参振质量,降低线路下部结构物的振动.无砟轨道的设计寿命应为60年,为此应制定相应的维修标准和管理办法.     

Ni-P,SiC化学复合镀层耐磨性的研究

本文介绍了获得非晶态Ni-P,SiC化学复合镀层的试验方法,研究了复合镀层在晶化条理过程中,显微硬度及磨损量的变化情况,得到了硬度高、耐磨性好的晶化处理条件,同时还研究了SiC粒径及共析量对复合镀层磨损量的影响,并对镀层的微结构进行了分析。     

The interaction of tidal advection, diffusion and mussel filtration in a tidal channel

Time series measurements of flow and pigment concentrations (Chl) in the Menai Strait have revealed that the strong residual flow in a tidal channel ( 500 m³ s^− 1) transports phytoplankton from the open sea into the channel where much of it is consumed by suspension feeders, mainly in commercial beds of Mytilus edulis. The progressive depletion of phytoplankton along the channel results in a strong horizontal gradient of plankton and hence Chl. Tidal displacement of this gradient causes large (± 50% of mean) oscillations of Chl in the vicinity of the mussel beds. Vertical mixing by the strong tidal flows is sufficiently vigorous for most of the tidal cycle to ensure that downward diffusion can resupply the near-bed layer although there are indications of some transient depletion around slack water.This paradigm of the interaction of advection, diffusion and filtration determining the distribution of plankton and its supply to mussels has been encapsulated in a series of simple models forced only by boundary values. In the first, a 1-D model of tidal flow in the channel reproduces the principal features of the observed currents including the unusually large spatial change in phase of the currents and the variation of the residual transport with tidal range. The flow field from this physical model is used to drive a second model based on the advection diffusion equation for Chl with a source at the Irish Sea boundary and a sink over the mussel bed. This model illustrates the formation of a strong Chl gradient along the channel and simulates the amplitude and phase of the M₂ oscillations of Chl and the development of the M₄ variation apparent in the observations. This second model has been extended to 2-D over the mussel beds to allow investigation of the effects of water column mixing. The model indicates that only for a short period ( 30 min), close to slack water, is mixing sufficiently reduced to permit the development of a depletion boundary layer and then only within  1 m from the bottom, a result which is consistent with the observations.     

道路结构层合并对计算结果的影响

Abaqus可用来模拟分析道路工程中的很多问题。当道路实际结构层层数很多时,可在计算中对材料特性相似的结构层进行合并,这不仅可简化建模过程,且可降低计算机计算成本。通过对道路实际结构层模型和合并结构层模型的计算结果进行对比分析,确定结构层合并对计算结果的影响。结果表明: 在计算路表弯沉时可以用合并层模型替代实际层模型,计算应力、应变时则不可。     

隧道防冻隔温层厚度的计算

提出利用斯蒂芬公式计算围岩最大冻结深度,利用等效厚度换算法计算防冻隔温层厚度。以西北地区某隧道工程为例,分别采用现场实测与斯蒂芬公式计算得到的围岩最大冻结深度和防冻隔温层厚度,计算结果与实测结果的绝对误差为133 %,表明:在没有实测最大冻结深度的情况下,可通过斯蒂芬公式计算围岩最大冻结深度和防冻隔温层厚度。