一种防倾斜式油箱设计

军用越野汽车燃油箱的长度一般都比较长。当车辆在上坡或下坡时,燃油箱中的燃油会流到一侧,这时燃油箱中可能还有不少的燃油却吸不到油,造成发动机熄火,这样对于车辆是非常危险的。针对这种情况设计了一种新型的高容积利用率油箱可以大大改善车辆上下陡坡时吸不到油的情况,提高了车辆在复杂道路上行驶的安全性。通过制作样品进行了验证,取得了比较好的效果。     

Analyzing the effects of Gas-to-Liquid (GTL) diesel blending on the efficiency and emissions of petroleum refineries and transport fuels in the U.S. and Europe

The transport sector is fast changing with demand for distillates increasing amidst declining gasoline consumption in many markets especially in the developed world. Increasingly refineries are stretched to operate less efficiently and this is manifested through a drop in efficiency as a consequence of increasing diesel production via less efficient routes, particularly on the marginal barrel of diesel. It has been suggested that this decline in diesel production efficiency, as the ratio of gasoline to diesel (G/D) production drops, can partly be mitigated through the use of Gas-to-Liquid (GTL) diesel. In this paper we adopted refinery Linear-Programming models to represent the refining system in Europe as well as a district in the U.S. to investigate the effects of increased availability of GTL diesel to a refiner on the energy efficiency and GHG emissions of refineries. Here we showed that indeed there is an improvement in diesel production efficiency with increasing GTL concentrations, but this efficiency gain (<0.5%) is insufficient to counteract the higher energy consumption and emissions associated with the production of GTL, thus leading to an overall decline in life cycle efficiency (up to 5%), and an increase in life cycle GHG emissions (up to 2%).     

海上油田过驳作业风险分析及对策

文中通过对辖区海上油田过驳作业风险的分析,并结合近年海事监管的经验,提出一些防控过驳作业风险的合理化建议,以期达到防止海洋污染的目的。     

Factors Affecting Disaster Preparedness,Response, and Recovery Using the Community Capitals Framework

Abstract

Disaster research often focuses on how and why communities are affected by a discrete extreme event. We used the community capitals framework to understand how community characteristics influence their preparedness, response to, and recovery from successive or multiple disasters using the 1964 Good Friday Earthquake and the 1989 Exxon Valdez Oil Spill as case studies. This study assesses community response to these disasters by reviewing published literature on impacts to create profiles for six communities and by identifying community capitals before and during these disasters, and throughout the long-term recovery. While the presence of rich natural capitals commonly contributed resources to pre-disaster planning and long-term recovery, restriction of resource access immediately following the disasters was detrimental to many communities. Communities with strong political, social, and financial capitals tended to fare better immediately following disasters, enabling longer-term processes of transformation or recovery. However, in some communities the oil spill undermined these capitals more than the earthquake and resulting tsunami. In understanding how use and reliance on community capitals can lead to varied recovery success from different kinds of disasters, these findings can help coastal managers and planners prepare for future disasters.     

钦州30万吨级石油码头装卸工艺设计探讨

装卸工艺的合理布局是码头能安全生产、高效有序发挥作用的关键。文章介绍了广西北部湾港钦州30万吨级石油码头的油品性质、设计参数与装卸工艺流程,并基于对该码头泊位设计通过能力的计算分析,提出了码头装卸工艺布置方案,同时阐述了方案设计的重点和难点。     

基于AHP的舟山港原油中转库布局规划浅议

运用层次分析法(AHP)对舟山港域适于建设原油中转库的作业区进行了评价分析,并对新一轮原油中转库及码头建设选址与建设规模提出了建议。     

中国汽车排放新法规的实施与油品的关系

针对欧洲ECE－R83规则对试验用标准燃油的要求和“世界燃油规格”对燃油的要求讨论了欧洲联盟废气排放指令91／44／EEC和93／59／EEC在中国的实施与油品的关系；列举了中国油品的不足之处以及在改善油品质量方面所必须克服的困难；指出，中国石油工业的技术进步应与排放新法规的实施保持同步运作。主题词：##4排放物;;法规;;油品制造     

关于加强《油类记录簿》规范记载的探讨

分析了目前船舶重要防污文书《油类记录簿》所存在的不规范记载的问题与原因。列举了油料加装、污水排放及残油处理等关键操作,就如何规范《油类记录簿》的记载,提出了的看法与思考。     

Modeling emulsification after an oil spill in the sea

A conceptual model for simulating oil emulsification after a spill in the ocean is presented. This paper contains the complete model formulation and scenario simulations. The model formulation is based on the most up-to-date research information available in the literature. The model uses minimum turbulence energy as a criterion to determine whether emulsification occurs. Once the emulsification happens, the model simulates water uptake and viscosity changes during emulsification. The model classifies emulsion into three categories: stable, meso-stable, and unstable emulsions based on a concept “stability index”. The model estimates the stability of the emulsion and simulates the process of de-emulsification when the emulsion is meso-stable or unstable. The model also considers the effects of evaporation on the formation of emulsification. Scenario simulations show how different types of emulsions are formed under different conditions. They also show how the emulsion stability changes with oil weathering.     

振动压路机振动轴承烧损原因及维护

通过对振动压路机振动轴承烧损原因的分析，提出为避免轴承烧损，在装配、使用和维护中应注意的问题和解决办法。