公共交通与城市用地整合分析——以常州市为例

根据现有国内外城市发展经验,归纳总结公共交通与城市用地整合的常见模式,并结合常州市快速公交与城市用地整合所采取的模式进行详细叙述与评价,可为国内其他城市的公交与用地整合发展提供参考。     

BRT时空优先技术分析

快速公交因其大运量、快速、舒适、安全、环保、成本低等优点在国内外各大城市迅猛发展,在解决城市交通问题中也凸显出重要地位。BRT的时空双向优先系统及该系统为BRT车辆提供相应的专用路及信号优先技术,为提高BRT服务水平,优化公众出行方式奠定基础,其全面的介绍分析也为BRT更好的实现快速、优先服务做准备。     

坚持公交优先，努力推动我国城市交通状况改善

本文重点分析了目前我国城市交通中存在的问题,并从法律法规、经济政策、完善基础设施建设、构建综合交通体系等几个方面提出相应的对策和建议,并指出必须以公交优先、大力发展大容量快速公交为导向,引导城市发展模式转变,促进我国城市交通的健康发展。     

基于最大利润的中小城市公交线路长度模型研究

公交线路长度指标在规范中没有具体的规定,而一般经验值并不适用于国内大多数中小城市,本文通过基于公交效益比的分析计算出适合中小城市的公交线路长度,使公交运营在保证快速地均衡地输送乘客的情况下获得最大利润,并为中小城市公交规划提供一定的依据.     

基于“开放性信息流”公交站牌概念设计探讨

本文系统地分析了国内普通公交站牌普遍存在的信息不全和人性化程度较低等问题。针对公交站牌的主要问题,从信息全面和乘客“受控能力”的基本思想出发,提出了新型公交站牌的基本概念设计思路。通过采用开放式的信息流表达方式,结合区域内公交线网分布图,运用站点索引和线路索引两种查询方式来指引乘客乘坐公交。通过新型公交站牌,乘客不仅可以获得公交线路的信息,还可以获得整个城市的重要公交站点、客运枢纽站和地理位置信息等。设计概念与传统的公交站牌设计思路相比,更加体现了“以人为本”和“以顾客为关注焦点”的理念。     

Evaluation of a bus passenger information system from the users’ point of view in the city of Thessaloniki, Greece

This paper presents an evaluation, from the users’ point of view, of an advanced Bus Passenger Real Time Information System, installed at the city of Thessaloniki, Greece. In addition to the methodological approach and the findings presented, the paper explores the greater framework of evaluation procedures in which these analyses should be embedded. In total, 300 questionnaires were returned; the survey aimed to define the basic components of users’ acceptance of the new system as well as socioeconomic issues related with the estimation of the payback period of the project. The survey findings are combined with several research results from recent resembled surveys conducted in the city in previous years.     

The 2008 New Zealand public transport management act: Rationale, key provisions, and parallels with the United Kingdom

In January 2009, following a lengthy industry review and consultation process, the New Zealand Public Transport Management Act (PTMA) came into force. The Act allows Regional Transport Authorities, as the primary procurers of public transport services, to place either a control or a contracting requirement upon services that are registered as commercial requiring no subsidy. The imposition of either the control or the contracting requirement is designed to facilitate greater system integration, improve service continuity and enhance services to the customer, andallow the Authority to invest in key strategic projects, such as integrated fares and ticketing, so as to grow patronage.The PTMA’s other objective is to ensure improved value for public subsidies. Recent years have seen significant subsidy inflation for seemingly little commensurate benefits. The Act will allow the Regional Transport Authority to achieve greater value for money through improved farebox, a shift to longer, larger contracts to increase competition in the market, a more appropriate allocation of risk, and the removal of the ability of operators to ‘game’ the current system by using strategically placed commercial services as barriers to competition.Similar concerns have also stimulated new legislation in the UK and this paper illustrates the parallels in the environment and proposed response.     

Switching service types for multi-region bus systems

Conventional fixed-route bus services are generally preferred to flexible-route services at high demand densities, and vice versa. This paper formulates the problem of integrating conventional and flexible services that connect a main terminal to multiple local regions over multiple time periods. The system’s vehicle size, route spacing (for conventional services), service area (for flexible services), headways and fleet sizes are jointly optimized to minimize the sum of supplier costs and user costs. The route spacing for conventional bus services and service area for flexible bus services are also optimized for each region. The proposed solution method, which uses a genetic algorithm and analytic optimization, finds good solutions quickly. Numerical examples and sensitivity analyses confirm that the single fleet variable-type bus service may outperform either the single fleet conventional bus service or the single fleet flexible bus service when demand densities vary substantially among regions and time periods.     

Modeling bus bunching using massive location and fare collection data

Bus bunching is a well-known phenomenon for operators, users and regulators of high-frequency bus services. Bus operations are usually affected by increasing differences in the time intervals (headways) between consecutive buses. The effect of this variability is that buses tend to group into bunches of two or more, which severely affects the quality of service and the operational efficiency. The aim of this paper is to analyze which factors are associated to the phenomenon, using massive data from high-frequency services available in Santiago (Chile) and common-route services in Gatineau (Canada). The data is obtained from the bus GPS and AFC systems and are processed to obtain headways between buses. Using data from one week, we develop models to explain the variation of the continuous and discrete indicators of bus bunching as a function of variables related to the operation, variables related to the demand structure, and variables related to the infrastructure. Some of the factors that contribute to increase bus bunching are: stops located toward the end of the route, high scheduled frequency, irregular bus dispatch headways, non-homogeneous fleet, high demand, and high variability of demand. The results are useful for the design of quality indexes to measure bunching in bus operations, and for the design and operation of bus routes, taking into consideration the potential bus bunching problems.     

厦门BRT链接线服务范围延伸作用研究

BRT作为一种可持续的城市公共交通模式,它所具有的快速性、灵活性和成本效应对国内城市尤为适合.基于BRT的优点及厦门市交通现状,厦门市BRT一期工程及其链接线于2008年9月初建成并投入运营.本文主要针对厦门市“BRT+链接线”模式,通过服务半径及覆盖面积的计算,分析BRT链接线对BRT主线服务范围的延伸作用及设置BRT链接线的相关意义.